School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
Civil Aviation Management Institute of China, Beijing 100102, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 25;19(1):212. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010212.
Urban rail transit is an important transportation infrastructure that mitigates the congestion of the central city and realizes compact city space development. However, the literature on the spatiotemporal coupling of urbanization and rail transit from the urban scale and its influencing factors is still uncommon. Taking Beijing as an example, based on the theory of coupling coordination, we have constructed a comprehensive indicator system for regional urbanization (hereafter RU) (including population, economy, and spatial urbanization) and rail transit (hereafter RT). On this basis, we use the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of the overall and pairwise coupling coordination between population, economy, spatial urbanization, and rail transit. Finally, we analyze the spatial correlation and standard deviational ellipse analysis of the coupling coordination degree between RU and RT. The results indicate the following: (1) In addition to population urbanization, the other urbanization indicators and the RT level all show a downward-rising-falling trend from 2006 to 2017, among which the level of economic urbanization is the highest. The degree of coupling coordination between RU and RT is unbalanced development and shows a trend of first rising and then falling. (2) The degree of coupling coordination between RU and RT presents an imbalanced distribution in various regions, and the coupling coordination degree in the central urban areas is significantly higher than that in the outer suburbs. (3) From 2006 to 2017, the spatial correlation of the coupling coordination degree between the various systems has a similar changing trend. Moreover, the distribution of the spatial agglomeration points of the coupling coordination degree between RU and the RT is similar, showing a decreasing trend from the central urban area to the surrounding urban area. Therefore, relevant departments can rationally plan the construction of urban rail transit according to the coordination relationship between RU and RT and the spatial aggregation degree to realize the benign and sustainable development between urban especially suburbanization and rail transit.
城市轨道交通是缓解城市中心拥堵、实现紧凑城市空间发展的重要交通基础设施。然而，从城市尺度和影响因素来看，关于城市化与轨道交通的时空耦合的文献仍然很少。以北京为例，基于耦合协调理论，构建了区域城市化（包括人口、经济和空间城市化）和轨道交通（以下简称 RT）的综合指标体系。在此基础上，利用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和空间自相关分析方法，探讨了人口、经济、空间城市化与 RT 整体及两两耦合协调的时空特征。最后，分析了 RU 和 RT 之间耦合协调度的空间相关性和标准差椭圆分析。结果表明：（1）除人口城市化外，其他城市化指标和 RT 水平均呈现 2006-2017 年先降后升的趋势，其中经济城市化水平最高。RU 和 RT 之间的耦合协调度发展不平衡，呈先升后降的趋势。（2）RU 和 RT 之间的耦合协调度在各区域呈不平衡分布，中心城区的耦合协调度明显高于外围郊区。（3）2006-2017 年，各系统耦合协调度的空间相关性具有相似的变化趋势。此外，RU 和 RT 之间耦合协调度的空间集聚点的分布也相似，呈从中部城区向周边城区递减的趋势。因此，相关部门可以根据 RU 和 RT 之间的协调关系和空间集聚度，合理规划城市轨道交通建设，实现城市特别是郊区化与轨道交通的良性可持续发展。
