AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France.
AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR SayFood, Université Paris-Saclay, 91700 Massy, France.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 25;14(1):85. doi: 10.3390/nu14010085.
Tailored dietary counseling could be specifically efficient during pregnancy, a period accompanied by a rise in nutrition awareness, but little is known about the expectations of pregnant women in this regard. We studied these expectations regarding tailored dietary advice in French women during their pregnancy, as well as their motivations and the perceived barriers and enablers. In French pregnant women, we evaluated the perceptions of tailored dietary advice provided by stepwise dietary counseling based on three types of dietary changes, consisting of: (1) a modification of the amounts consumed, (2) substitutions within the food subgroups, and (3) substitutions between food subgroups. A sequential explanatory mixed-method approach was designed. Using qualitative data from a focus group study ( = 40), we intended to explore in depth the women's expectations regarding dietary advice and adherence to a tailored approach. These were combined with quantitative and qualitative data from a 6-week online longitudinal study ( = 115), using questionnaires designed to assess the modifications of dietary habits during pregnancy and to evaluate each type of dietary change. Both studies confirmed that most women in our samples did indeed intend to institute changes regarding healthier dietary practices during pregnancy. The principal motivation behind changes to their habits was to ensure the health and well-being of both their babies and themselves. The proposal of dietary advice that is tailored to both the current diet and the specific needs of pregnant women, but that is also positive and credible, was perceived as enabling implementing healthier dietary practices during pregnancy. Regarding the implementation of the dietary changes proposed, the enablers and barriers identified differed between modifications of the amounts consumed and substitutions. The women displayed interest in all types of dietary changes. This gave relevance to combining different types of changes in order to propose dietary counseling during pregnancy. Tailored dietary counseling was identified by French pregnant women in our samples as enabling them to adopt a healthier diet. However, perceived barriers might limit the implementation of dietary changes, especially when they involved marked modifications to their usual diet.
针对性的饮食建议在孕期可能特别有效，因为孕期营养意识会增强，但对于孕妇在这方面的期望知之甚少。我们研究了法国孕妇对针对性饮食建议的期望，以及她们的动机，以及感知到的障碍和促进因素。在法国孕妇中，我们评估了基于三种饮食变化类型（即：1. 改变摄入量，2. 食物亚组内的替换，3. 食物亚组之间的替换）的逐步饮食咨询提供的针对性饮食建议的感知。采用顺序解释混合方法设计。使用来自焦点小组研究（n=40）的定性数据，我们旨在深入探讨女性对饮食建议的期望以及对针对性方法的坚持。这些数据与来自为期 6 周的在线纵向研究（n=115）的定量和定性数据相结合，使用问卷评估孕期饮食习惯的变化，并评估每种饮食变化类型。这两项研究都证实，我们样本中的大多数女性确实打算在怀孕期间改变更健康的饮食方式。改变饮食习惯的主要动机是确保母婴健康。提出既符合当前饮食又符合孕妇特定需求的个性化饮食建议，且这种建议是积极可信的，被认为有利于在怀孕期间实施更健康的饮食方式。关于所提出的饮食变化的实施，识别出的促进因素和障碍在改变摄入量和替换之间有所不同。女性对所有类型的饮食变化都感兴趣。这使得结合不同类型的变化以在怀孕期间提出饮食建议具有相关性。针对性饮食咨询被我们样本中的法国孕妇视为使她们能够采用更健康饮食的方式。然而，感知到的障碍可能会限制饮食变化的实施，尤其是当它们涉及对其日常饮食的重大改变时。
