Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles and Health, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles and Health, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
Cells. 2021 Dec 29;11(1):103. doi: 10.3390/cells11010103.
Immune system functionality has been commonly assessed by a whole-blood or isolated-cell stimulation assay. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokine production in whole-blood-stimulated samples is influenced by age, sex, and smoking. A descriptive cross-sectional study in 253 healthy participants aged 18-55 years was conducted. Whole blood samples were stimulated for 24 h with LPS and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined in the culture media. Among parameters considered, statistical regression analysis indicated that smoking (change in R = 0.064, < 0.001) and sex (change in R = 0.070, < 0.001) were the main predictors for IL-10 production, with higher values for women and non-smokers. Age was also found to be a significant predictor (change in R = 0.021, < 0.001), with higher values for younger ages. Age (change in R = 0.089, = 0.013) and smoking (change in R = 0.037, = 0.002) were found to be negative predictors for IL-6 production. Regarding TNF-α-stimulated production, age (change in R = 0.029, = 0.009) and smoking (change in R = 0.022, = 0.022) were found to be negative predictors. Furthermore, sex (change in R = 0.016, = 0.045) was found to be a significant predictor, with lower values for women. In conclusion, sex, age, and smoking were found to be independent determinants of stimulated cytokine production. While female sex is associated with higher IL-10 and lower TNF-α production, aging and smoking are associated with lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α production.
免疫系统功能通常通过全血或分离细胞刺激测定来评估。本研究旨在确定全血刺激样本中的细胞因子产生是否受年龄、性别和吸烟的影响。对 253 名年龄在 18-55 岁的健康参与者进行了描述性横断面研究。用 LPS 刺激全血 24 小时，测定培养物中 IL-6、IL-10 和 TNF-α 的浓度。在考虑的参数中，统计回归分析表明，吸烟（R 变化=0.064，<0.001）和性别（R 变化=0.070，<0.001）是 IL-10 产生的主要预测因素，女性和不吸烟者的数值较高。年龄也被发现是一个重要的预测因素（R 变化=0.021，<0.001），年龄越小数值越高。年龄（R 变化=0.089，=0.013）和吸烟（R 变化=0.037，=0.002）被发现是 IL-6 产生的负预测因素。关于 TNF-α刺激产生，年龄（R 变化=0.029，=0.009）和吸烟（R 变化=0.022，=0.022）被发现是负预测因素。此外，性别（R 变化=0.016，=0.045）被发现是一个重要的预测因素，女性的数值较低。总之，性别、年龄和吸烟是刺激细胞因子产生的独立决定因素。虽然女性性别与较高的 IL-10 和较低的 TNF-α产生有关，但衰老和吸烟与较低的 IL-6、IL-10 和 TNF-α产生有关。
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