Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 15-21 Nubeena Crescent, Tasmania 7053, Australia.
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia.
Harmful Algae. 2022 Jan;111:102151. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102151. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
Mitigation of fish-killing algal toxins by clay minerals offers great promise as an emergency strategy for fish farms threatened by harmful algal blooms, but its efficiency is highly clay and algal species (i.e. ichthyotoxin) specific. We here screened several different clay types (kaolin, zeolite, Korean loess and six bentonites) for their adsorptive capacity of extracellular Karlodinium veneficum and Karenia mikimotoi ichthyotoxins as quantified with the rainbow trout RTgill-W1 cell line assay. Treatment with Korean loess, zeolite (0-0.5 g L ), polyaluminium chloride (0-0.1 g L ) and clays modified with this flocculant (0-0.25 g L ) could not significantly improve gill cell viability compared to toxic controls. Kaolin only demonstrated effective removal in case of K. mikimotoi, but concentrations required for complete removal of cytotoxicity were at least 2 x those required for bentonite. Bentonites of high swelling capacity and ideally small particle size (<2 µm) proved best suited for ichthyotoxin removal against both algal species (100% removal at concentrations as low as 0.1 g L ). Complete elimination of K. veneficum and K. mikimotoi toxicity towards the rainbow trout gill cell line was achieved by bentonite clay, demonstrating the potential to control ichthyotoxicity in an aquaculture setting through targeted clay application.
粘土矿物对杀鱼藻毒素的缓解作用为受到有害藻类大量繁殖威胁的鱼类养殖场提供了一种极具前景的应急策略，但它的效率高度依赖于粘土和藻类的种类（即鱼毒素）。在这里，我们筛选了几种不同类型的粘土（高岭土、沸石、韩国黄土和六种膨润土），以评估其对细胞外 Karlodinium veneficum 和 Karenia mikimotoi 鱼毒素的吸附能力，并用虹鳟 RTgill-W1 细胞系测定法进行定量分析。与毒性对照相比，用韩国黄土、沸石（0-0.5 g L -1 ）、聚合氯化铝（0-0.1 g L -1 ）和用这种絮凝剂改性的粘土（0-0.25 g L -1 ）处理，不能显著提高鳃细胞活力。高岭土仅对 K. mikimotoi 表现出有效去除作用，但完全去除细胞毒性所需的浓度至少是膨润土的两倍。高膨胀能力和理想的小粒径（<2 µm）的膨润土最适合去除两种藻类的鱼毒素（在低至 0.1 g L -1 的浓度下即可达到 100%去除率）。膨润土能完全消除 K. veneficum 和 K. mikimotoi 对虹鳟鱼鳃细胞系的毒性，证明了通过有针对性地使用粘土来控制水产养殖中鱼毒性的潜力。
