身体活动和久坐行为对中国男孩超重和肥胖的影响可能与女孩不同：一项开放式队列研究。
The Effects of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on Overweight and Obesity among Boys may Differ from those among Girls in China: An Open Cohort Study.
机构信息
Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2022 May 5;152(5):1274-1282. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab446.
BACKGROUND
Childhood overweight and obesity are increasing steadily in China, yet few studies have focused on exploring the risk factors associated with sex differences.
OBJECTIVES
We tested the hypothesis that the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on overweight and obesity differ between boys and girls.
METHODS
We used data collected from 4520 children and adolescents aged 6-18 y from 2004 to 2015 in an ongoing open-cohort study, the China Health and Nutrition Survey, to explore the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on the risk of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. We collected detailed information on physical activity and sedentary behavior along with dietary data, and we measured height and weight with standardized methods. We used random-effects logistic regression models to analyze the associations between total physical activity and sedentary behavior and overweight and obesity.
RESULTS
The effects of sedentary behaviors and vigorous physical activity were only significant among girls. Vigorous physical activity decreased the risk of overweight and obesity by 63% (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.67) among girls ages 6-11 y and by 54% (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.85) among girls ages 12-18 y. High sedentary-hour values increased the risk by 96% (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.54) among girls ages 12-18 y. None of the effects were significant among boys.
CONCLUSION
Low physical activity and high sedentary time increase the risk of overweight and obesity, particularly among adolescent girls. The effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on overweight and obesity among boys may differ from those among girls. Sex effects should be taken into consideration when promoting physical activity. Whether this sex difference is a result of high male preferences in China that preclude many activities among boys or other factors requires further study.
背景
在中国，儿童超重和肥胖的比例一直在稳步上升，但很少有研究关注探索与性别差异相关的风险因素。
目的
我们检验了这样一种假设，即身体活动和久坐行为对超重和肥胖的影响在男孩和女孩之间存在差异。
方法
我们使用了 2004 年至 2015 年期间正在进行的中国健康与营养调查中 4520 名 6-18 岁儿童和青少年的数据，以探讨身体活动和久坐行为对中国儿童和青少年超重和肥胖风险的影响。我们收集了关于身体活动和久坐行为以及饮食数据的详细信息，并使用标准化方法测量身高和体重。我们使用随机效应逻辑回归模型分析了总身体活动和久坐行为与超重和肥胖之间的关联。
结果
久坐行为和剧烈身体活动的影响仅在女孩中显著。剧烈身体活动使 6-11 岁女孩超重和肥胖的风险降低了 63%（OR：0.37；95%CI：0.20，0.67），使 12-18 岁女孩的风险降低了 54%（OR：0.46；95%CI：0.25，0.85）。高久坐时间值使 12-18 岁女孩的风险增加了 96%（OR：1.96；95%CI：1.09，3.54）。但这些影响在男孩中均不显著。
结论
低身体活动和高久坐时间会增加超重和肥胖的风险，尤其是在青少年女孩中。身体活动和久坐行为对男孩和女孩超重和肥胖的影响可能存在差异。在促进身体活动时，应考虑性别效应。这种性别差异是由于中国男孩普遍偏好某些活动而排斥其他活动，还是其他因素造成的，还需要进一步研究。
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