Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2022 Apr 1;26(2):181-185. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000652.
Women living with HIV (WLWH) have a greater risk of anal cancer than women without HIV; however, there are limited studies that examine awareness of anal cancer risk among WLWH and "high-risk" HIV-negative women. This study examines risk factors for anal cancer, perceptions of risk for anal cancer, and perceptions of anal cancer screening among a cohort of WLWH and high-risk HIV-negative women.
From the Atlanta, GA, and Bronx, NY, sites of the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 155 WLWH and HIV-negative women were enrolled and the Champion Health Belief Model Scale questionnaire measuring risk perceptions to anal cancer was administered to each participant.
The WLWH perceived anal cancer to be less serious and perceived facing fewer barriers to anal cancer screening than HIV-negative women (both p = .01). Older women (≥50 years) felt that they had less barriers to anal cancer screening (p = .047). Moreover, women who had less than a high school education felt more susceptible to anal cancer (p = .001), as did women who reported a history of anal intercourse (p = .017).
Despite being at an increased risk for anal cancer, perceptions of susceptibility to anal cancer and seriousness of anal cancer were low among WLWH. These findings highlight opportunities for provider and patient educational interventions to improve awareness of anal cancer risk among WLWH.
与未感染 HIV 的女性相比，感染 HIV 的女性（WLWH）患肛门癌的风险更高；然而，目前仅有少数研究调查了 WLWH 和“高危”HIV 阴性女性对肛门癌风险的认知。本研究旨在探讨 WLWH 和高危 HIV 阴性女性队列中肛门癌的风险因素、对肛门癌风险的认知以及对肛门癌筛查的认知。
本研究来自亚特兰大，GA 和纽约布朗克斯的妇女机构 HIV 研究（Women's Interagency HIV Study），共纳入 155 名 WLWH 和 HIV 阴性女性，并向每位参与者发放了 Champion 健康信念模型量表问卷，以测量对肛门癌风险的认知。
WLWH 认为肛门癌的严重程度低于 HIV 阴性女性（均 p =.01），并且认为面临的肛门癌筛查障碍也更少。年龄较大的女性（≥50 岁）认为自己面临的肛门癌筛查障碍较少（p =.047）。此外，受教育程度较低（未完成高中学业）的女性认为自己更容易患肛门癌（p =.001），有肛门性交史的女性也认为自己更容易患肛门癌（p =.017）。
尽管 WLWH 患肛门癌的风险增加，但她们对自身患肛门癌的易感性和肛门癌的严重程度的认知较低。这些发现突显了为提供者和患者提供教育干预的机会，以提高 WLWH 对肛门癌风险的认识。
