Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
J Psychiatr Res. 2022 Mar;147:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.013. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
Little is known about the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mental health compared with other respiratory infections. Thus, the aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate whether COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of depression and anxiety disorder in patients followed in general practices in Germany compared with acute upper respiratory infection diagnosis. This study included all patients diagnosed with symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 for the first time in 1198 general practices in Germany between March 2020 and May 2021. Patients diagnosed with acute upper respiratory infection were matched to those with COVID-19 using propensity scores based on sex, age, index month, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. The index date corresponded to the date on which either COVID-19 or acute upper respiratory infection was diagnosed. Differences in the incidence of depression and anxiety disorder between the COVID-19 and the acute upper respiratory infection group were studied using conditional Poisson regression models. This study included 56,350 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 56,350 patients diagnosed with acute upper respiratory infection (52.3% women; mean [SD] age 43.6 [19.2] years). The incidence of depression (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.95-1.10) and anxiety disorder (IRR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.83-1.07) was not significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the upper respiratory infection group. Compared with acute upper respiratory infection diagnosis, COVID-19 diagnosis was not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of depression and anxiety disorder in patients treated in general practices in Germany.
与其他呼吸道感染相比，人们对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对心理健康的影响知之甚少。因此，本回顾性队列研究的目的是调查与急性上呼吸道感染诊断相比，COVID-19 诊断是否与德国普通诊所患者中抑郁和焦虑障碍发病率的显著增加相关。本研究纳入了 2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 5 月期间德国 1198 家普通诊所中首次确诊有症状或无症状 COVID-19 的所有患者。采用基于性别、年龄、指数月和 Charlson 合并症指数的倾向评分，将 COVID-19 患者与急性上呼吸道感染患者相匹配。指数日期对应 COVID-19 或急性上呼吸道感染确诊的日期。采用条件泊松回归模型研究 COVID-19 组和急性上呼吸道感染组中抑郁和焦虑障碍的发病率差异。本研究纳入了 56350 例 COVID-19 患者和 56350 例急性上呼吸道感染患者（女性占 52.3%；平均[标准差]年龄 43.6[19.2]岁）。COVID-19 组的抑郁发生率（IRR=1.02，95%CI=0.95-1.10）和焦虑障碍发生率（IRR=0.94，95%CI=0.83-1.07）与上呼吸道感染组相比无显著差异。与急性上呼吸道感染诊断相比，COVID-19 诊断与德国普通诊所患者抑郁和焦虑障碍发病率的显著增加无关。
