Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), P. O. Box 834, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O Box 3000, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022 Jan 19;54(1):70. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03074-1.
Tanzania has a goat population of about 24.8 million most of which belong to the Small East African breed distributed in almost all agro-ecological zones. The different goat populations and the production system in which they are raised are not well characterized depriving animal breeders useful information in designing and running improvement and conservation programs. Therefore, the study was conducted in all agro-ecological zones in Tanzania to characterize the indigenous goats and the production system in which they are raised. Data on animals were collected from 688 randomly selected adult female goats and for production system description; 220 households were interviewed. Analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were used on quantitative data, while frequency analysis was used on qualitative data. Income generation and meat production were the primary goat rearing objectives. More than 55% of respondents grazed their animals freely in communal lands where natural pasture was the chief feed resource. Mating was mainly uncontrolled with apron and castration being used by goat keepers as mating control methods. Common diseases were contagious caprine pleural pneumonia and helminthiasis. Feed shortage, prevalence of diseases, and water scarcity were the major goat production constraints. There were morphological variations between and within these goat populations, and based on quantitative data, the goats were categorized into two groups. High twinning was observed in Ujiji and Lindi goats and low for Sukuma. The dominant coat color was plain white in Pare, Gogo, Maasai, and Tanga. Other coat color patterns were mixed black and white for Sukuma, reddish-brown for Lindi, black and reddish-brown for Ujiji, and white and reddish-brown for Pwani and Maasai. High within population variation is observed which is important as it can be used as a basis for genetic improvement through selection.
坦桑尼亚拥有约 2480 万只山羊，其中大部分属于小型东非品种，分布在几乎所有农业生态区。不同的山羊种群及其饲养的生产系统没有得到很好的描述，这使得动物饲养者无法获得有用的信息，无法设计和运行改良和保护计划。因此，本研究在坦桑尼亚的所有农业生态区进行，以描述本地山羊及其饲养的生产系统。从 688 只随机选择的成年雌性山羊中收集了关于动物的数据，为了描述生产系统，对 220 户家庭进行了访谈。对定量数据进行了方差分析和判别分析，对定性数据进行了频率分析。收入和肉类生产是山羊养殖的主要目标。超过 55%的受访者让他们的动物在公共土地上自由放牧，那里的天然牧场是主要的饲料来源。交配主要是不受控制的，用围裙和去势作为交配控制方法。常见疾病是传染性山羊胸膜肺炎和寄生虫病。饲料短缺、疾病流行和水资源短缺是山羊生产的主要制约因素。这些山羊种群之间和内部存在形态变异，根据定量数据，将这些山羊分为两组。乌吉吉和林迪山羊的双胞胎率较高，而苏库马山羊的双胞胎率较低。主要的毛色是帕雷、戈戈、马赛和坦噶的纯色白色。其他毛色模式是苏库马的黑白混合色，林迪的红棕色，乌吉吉的黑色和红棕色，以及彭巴和马赛的白色和红棕色。观察到种群内的高度变异性，这很重要，因为它可以作为通过选择进行遗传改良的基础。
