International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
Food Funct. 2022 Feb 21;13(4):1762-1773. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03407c.
Vitamin D (VitD) is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient required for maintaining and regulating calcium homeostasis. Although sunlight can provide VitD, epidemiological studies indicate that the occurrence of VitD deficiency and insufficiency is widespread. Lipids are required at all stages of VitD digestion and absorption. In this research two different medium and long-chain triacylglycerol structures, possessing identical fatty acid composition lipids, namely structured triacylglycerol (STG), and physical mixtures of medium/long-chain triacylglycerol (MCT/LCT), were selected. Our results demonstrated that STG had a significant VitD bioavailability compared to MCT/LCT. In terms of the lipid digestion and absorption, the extent of the higher free fatty acid released (69.42%, < 0.05), extent of lipolysis (89.28%, < 0.05), lipolysis rate (0.06 s, < 0.05), and the ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to medium-chain fatty acid of STG (4.8, < 0.05), result in a higher capacity for accommodating VitD when forming mixed micelles (61.31%, < 0.05). An animal study also demonstrated that STG significantly increases the delivery ability of VitD (18.75 ng mL, < 0.05). The findings of this work may have unique applications for designing novel interesterified lipids with an effective delivery capacity for fat-soluble nutrients.
维生素 D（VitD）是一种必需的脂溶性微量营养素，对于维持和调节钙稳态至关重要。尽管阳光可以提供 VitD，但流行病学研究表明，VitD 缺乏和不足的发生非常普遍。脂质是 VitD 消化和吸收的所有阶段所必需的。在这项研究中，选择了两种不同的中链和长链三酰基甘油结构，它们具有相同的脂肪酸组成脂质，即结构三酰基甘油（STG）和中链/长链三酰基甘油（MCT/LCT）的物理混合物。我们的结果表明，与 MCT/LCT 相比，STG 具有显著的 VitD 生物利用度。就脂质消化和吸收而言，释放的游离脂肪酸量更高（69.42%，<0.05），脂解程度更高（89.28%，<0.05），脂解速度更快（0.06 s，<0.05），以及 STG 中长链脂肪酸与中链脂肪酸的比例更高（4.8，<0.05），这导致其在形成混合胶束时能够容纳更多的 VitD（61.31%，<0.05）。一项动物研究还表明，STG 显著提高了 VitD 的递送能力（18.75ngmL，<0.05）。这项工作的结果可能对设计具有有效递送脂溶性营养素能力的新型酯交换脂质具有独特的应用价值。
