A microfluidic biosensor for rapid simultaneous detection of waterborne pathogens.

A microfluidic based biosensor was investigated for rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella, Legionella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in tap water and wastewater. The biosensor consisted of two sets of focusing electrodes connected in parallel and three sets of interdigitated electrodes (IDE) arrays. The electrodes enabled the biosensor to concentrate and detect bacteria at both low and high concentrations. The focusing region was designed with vertical metal sidewall pairs and multiple tilted thin-film finger pairs to generate positive dielectrophoresis (p-DEP) to force the bacteria moving toward the microchannel centerline. As a result, the bacterial pathogens were highly concentrated when they reached the detection electrode arrays. The detection IDE arrays were coated with three different antibodies against the target bacterial pathogens and a cross-linker to enhance the binding of antibodies to the detection electrode. As the binding of bacterial pathogen to its specific antibodies took place, the impedance value changed. The results demonstrated that the biosensors were capable of detecting Salmonella, Legionella, and E. coli 0157:H7 simultaneously with a detection limit of 3 bacterial cells/ml in 30 - 40 min.