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杀害、损伤胎儿。

Killing and Impairing Fetuses.

机构信息

Department of Philosophy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, NJ, USA.

出版信息

New Bioeth. 2022 Jun;28(2):127-138. doi: 10.1080/20502877.2022.2030507. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Abstract

Could it be that if a fetus is not a person abortion is still immoral? One affirmative answer comes in the form of 'The Impairment Argument', which utilizes 'The Impairment Principle' to argue that abortion is immoral even if fetuses lack personhood. I argue 'The Impairment Argument' fails. It is not adequately defended from objections, and abortion is, in fact, a counterexample to the impairment principle. Furthermore, it explains neither what the wrong-making features of abortion are nor what features of fetuses ground their supposed moral significance. By presupposing the fetus lacks personhood and providing no alternate account of the basis of fetuses' moral significance, there is nothing to constitute abortion's wrongness. Attempts to modify it fail for the same reasons. Thus, the impairment argument fails to show abortion is immoral.

摘要

难道说,如果胎儿不是人,堕胎仍然不道德吗?一种肯定的回答来自“损害论证”,它利用“损害原则”来论证,即使胎儿没有人格,堕胎也是不道德的。我认为“损害论证”是失败的。它没有充分地抵御反对意见,而且堕胎实际上是损害原则的反例。此外,它既没有解释堕胎的错误特征是什么,也没有解释胎儿的哪些特征构成了它们所谓的道德意义。通过假设胎儿缺乏人格,并且没有提供胎儿道德意义基础的替代解释,就没有什么可以构成堕胎的错误。出于同样的原因,试图修改它也失败了。因此,损害论证未能表明堕胎是不道德的。

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