Experience With the Use of a Novel Agent, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor, for Posttransplant Anemia in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Case Report.

In this study, we report on an experience with the use of a novel agent "roxadustat," a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), for posttransplant anemia (PTA) in renal transplant recipients. Five renal transplant recipients treated as outpatients receiving 150 or 250 µg of "epoetin beta pegol," an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), once every 3 months were converted to roxadustat, an HIF-PHI. The dose was 100 mg 3 times a week taken orally on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Data check was conducted at 1 month and every 3 months after its introduction, and hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels were compared. At 1 month after conversion to roxadustat, Hb levels increased in all cases, the use of roxadustat was suspended/decreased in 2 cases who had Hb overshoot at 1 month, and ferritin and TSAT levels decreased in the initial stage of roxadustat conversion. During a 9-month period, Hb levels tended to increase in cases receiving oral iron administration, graft function was hardly affected, and there were no complications such as thrombosis. In conclusion, conversion from ESA to roxadustat was effective in the treatment of PTA. However, our overshoot case suggested that it might be better to start at a low dose in patients with low body weight, those undergoing iron administration, and those receiving a low dose of ESA. Furthermore, the low levels of ferritin and TSAT we observed at an early stage after roxadustat conversion suggested that there was an increased efficiency in iron utilization.