Boston Heart Diagnostics/Eurofins Scientific Network, 200 Crossing Blvd, Suite 120, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
California Cardiovascular Institute, 7061 N. Whitney Ave, Fresno, CA 93720, USA.
J Clin Lipidol. 2022 Mar-Apr;16(2):184-197. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.12.005. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
Fatty acids (FA) play an important role in health and heart disease risk.
We evaluated relationships of plasma FA levels, especially omega-3 FA, with sex, age, and reported heart disease mortality rates by state in a very large clinical population.
Plasma FA were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after lipid extraction in 1,169,621 fasting United States subjects grouped according to sex (56.2% female), age (<30, 30-<45, 45-<55, 55-<65, ≥65 years; median age 58.2 years), and state of residence.
Plasma FA index values (median±interquartile range), expressed as a percent of total plasma FA, in all subjects were: saturated (14:0+16:0+18:0) 31.4±1.5%; monounsaturated (16:1n7-cis+18:1n9-cis) 21.3±2.2%; trans (16:1n7-trans+18:1n9-trans) 0.45±0.08%; omega-6 (18:2n6-cis+20:3n6+20:4n6) 42.5±3.0%; and omega-3 (20:5n3+22:6n3) 2.57±0.81%. The median eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3) concentration was 22.1±9.7 μg/mL. Females had significantly (P<0.0001) higher omega-3 FA indices (+6.82%) than males. Subjects ≥65 years of age had a higher omega-3 FA index (+29.68%) and higher EPA levels (+57.05%) than subjects <30 years of age (P<0.00001). EPA concentrations and omega-3 FA indices were below overall median levels in most southern and midwestern states. State-reported heart disease mortality rates were inversely correlated with EPA levels (r=-0.504) and omega-3 FA indices (r=-0.570), and positively correlated with saturated FA indices (r=0.450), all P<0.01.
In our large population, females, subjects ≥65 years, and those living in northeastern and western states had higher omega-3 fatty acid levels and lower saturated fatty acid levels than other subjects. Such changes were associated with lower state-wide heart disease death rates.
脂肪酸（FA）在健康和心脏病风险中起着重要作用。
我们评估了血浆 FA 水平，尤其是 omega-3 FA 与性别、年龄以及按州报告的心脏病死亡率之间的关系，研究对象为一个非常大的临床人群。
通过气相色谱/质谱法在 1169621 名美国空腹受试者中测量血浆 FA，这些受试者按性别（56.2%为女性）、年龄（<30、30-<45、45-<55、55-<65、≥65 岁；中位年龄为 58.2 岁）和居住州进行分组。
所有受试者的血浆 FA 指数值（中位数±四分位距），以总血浆 FA 的百分比表示，分别为：饱和（14:0+16:0+18:0）31.4±1.5%；单不饱和（16:1n7-顺式+18:1n9-顺式）21.3±2.2%；反式（16:1n7-反式+18:1n9-反式）0.45±0.08%；omega-6（18:2n6-顺式+20:3n6+20:4n6）42.5±3.0%；以及 omega-3（20:5n3+22:6n3）2.57±0.81%。二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5n3）的中位数浓度为 22.1±9.7μg/mL。女性的 omega-3 FA 指数明显高于男性（P<0.0001），高出 6.82%。65 岁及以上的受试者的 omega-3 FA 指数（高出 29.68%）和 EPA 水平（高出 57.05%）高于 30 岁以下的受试者（P<0.00001）。大多数南部和中西部州的 EPA 浓度和 omega-3 FA 指数均低于总体中位数水平。按州报告的心脏病死亡率与 EPA 水平（r=-0.504）和 omega-3 FA 指数（r=-0.570）呈负相关，与饱和 FA 指数（r=0.450）呈正相关，均 P<0.01。
在我们的大人群中，女性、65 岁及以上的受试者以及居住在东北部和西部各州的受试者的 omega-3 脂肪酸水平较高，饱和脂肪酸水平较低。这些变化与全州范围内较低的心脏病死亡率有关。
