Bauer Sarah E, Huff Katie A, Vanderpool Charles P B, Rose Rebecca S, Cristea A Ioana
Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2022 Apr;37(2):282-298. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10841. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common late morbidity of preterm birth. Clinical care and research have largely focused on the pathogenesis and prevention of BPD. Preterm infants who develop BPD have significant medical needs that persist throughout their hospital course and continue after discharge, including those associated with growth and nutrition. The objective of this study was to review the available literature on nutrition and growth in infants with established BPD and to identify the knowledge and research gaps to provide direction for future studies.
We conducted a literature search in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently reviewed by the authors and selected based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results were summarized qualitatively.
Excluding duplicates, 2315 articles were identified. Thirty articles were selected for inclusion. We identified the following key components of nutrition support and clinical care: energy expenditure, growth, and metabolism; body composition; enteral nutrition; supplements; parenteral nutrition; and respiratory outcomes.
Despite a large body of literature describing the role of growth and nutrition in the prevention of BPD, research is lacking with respect to interventions and management in the population with established BPD. Thus, organized approaches for clinical interventions and trials with respect to growth and nutrition in infants and young children with established BPD are needed. These studies should include multiple centers because of the small numbers of patients with BPD at each site.
支气管肺发育不良（BPD）仍然是早产最常见的晚期并发症。临床护理和研究主要集中在BPD的发病机制和预防上。患BPD的早产儿有重大医疗需求，这些需求在整个住院期间持续存在，出院后仍会继续，包括与生长和营养相关的需求。本研究的目的是回顾关于已确诊BPD婴儿的营养和生长的现有文献，并确定知识和研究差距，为未来研究提供方向。
我们按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，使用Ovid MEDLINE、CINAHL和Embase进行文献检索。标题、摘要和全文由作者独立审查，并根据预先确定的纳入/排除标准进行选择。结果进行定性总结。
排除重复项后，共识别出2315篇文章。30篇文章被选入。我们确定了营养支持和临床护理的以下关键组成部分：能量消耗、生长和代谢；身体成分；肠内营养；补充剂；肠外营养；以及呼吸结局。
尽管有大量文献描述了生长和营养在预防BPD中的作用，但对于已确诊BPD人群的干预措施和管理方面的研究仍很缺乏。因此，需要针对已确诊BPD的婴幼儿的生长和营养制定有组织的临床干预和试验方法。由于每个地点的BPD患者数量较少，这些研究应包括多个中心。
