Vaidya S Prasanth
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Aditya Engineering College (A), Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh 533437 India.
Vis Comput. 2023;39(6):2245-2260. doi: 10.1007/s00371-022-02406-4. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
To protect the medical images integrity, digital watermark is embedded into the medical images. A non-blind medical image watermarking scheme based on hybrid transform is propounded. In this paper, fingerprint of the patient is used as watermark for better authentication, identifying the original medical image and privacy of the patients. In this scheme, lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are utilized for amplifying the watermarking algorithm. The scaling and embedding factors are calculated adaptively with the help of Local Binary Pattern values of the host medical image to achieve better imperceptibility and robustness for medical images and fingerprint watermark, respectively. Two-level decomposition is done where for the first level LWT is utilized and for the second level decomposition DWT is utilized. At the extraction side, non-blind recovery of fingerprint watermark is performed which is similar to the embedding process. The propounded design is implemented on various medical images like Chest X-ray, CT scan and so on. The propounded design provides better imperceptibility and robustness with the combination of LWT-DWT. The result analysis proves that the proposed fingerprint watermarking scheme has attained best results in terms of robustness and authentication with different medical image attacks. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Normalized Correlation Coefficient metrics are used for evaluating the proposed scheme. Furthermore, superior results are obtained when compared to related medical image watermarking schemes.
为保护医学图像的完整性,将数字水印嵌入到医学图像中。提出了一种基于混合变换的非盲医学图像水印方案。在本文中,将患者指纹用作水印以实现更好的认证,从而识别原始医学图像和患者隐私。在该方案中,提升小波变换(LWT)和离散小波变换(DWT)被用于增强水印算法。借助宿主医学图像的局部二值模式值自适应地计算缩放因子和嵌入因子,分别为医学图像和指纹水印实现更好的不可感知性和鲁棒性。进行两级分解,其中第一级使用LWT,第二级分解使用DWT。在提取端,执行与嵌入过程类似的指纹水印非盲恢复。所提出的设计在胸部X光、CT扫描等各种医学图像上得以实现。所提出的设计通过LWT - DWT的组合提供了更好的不可感知性和鲁棒性。结果分析证明,所提出的指纹水印方案在针对不同医学图像攻击的鲁棒性和认证方面取得了最佳结果。使用峰值信噪比和归一化相关系数指标来评估所提出的方案。此外,与相关医学图像水印方案相比,获得了更优的结果。