Gamlin Jennie
University College London, UK.
Urban Stud. 2022 Feb;59(3):509-525. doi: 10.1177/00420980211003842. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
The manner in which urban locations are drawn into the global economy defines their spatial organisation, distribution and utilisation. The relationships that are generated by this process include economic exchanges, racialised dynamics between workers and owners, gendered divisions of labour and the use and abuse of natural resources and infrastructure. These encounters of globalisation are often unequal or awkward and mediated by varying forms of violence, from structural to interpersonal, as these are used to rebalance the terms on which they meet. Using coloniality as an analytical tool, this article discusses the delicate balance of these Western-led encounters. Globalisation has become colonial by embedding hierarchical relationships in the foundations of the modern political economy. Gender identities, whiteness and non-whiteness, developed and underdeveloped are continually redefined, stigmatising certain groups and locations while elevating others on the basis of colonial power dynamics. Through a case study of the US-Mexico border city of Juárez, this article examines ethnographic work in its global context to explore how shame has become attached to male identities in locations of urban marginality. Theorising around the coloniality of urban space production, I discuss how Juárez's border location has shaped its development though gendered and racialised frictions that are kept in check with violence. A coloniality perspective enables the unpicking of dominant conceptions of industrial cities in the Global South as metonyms for underdevelopment. Using the concept of edgework, I draw out how violence oils the wheels of globalisation to renegotiate damaged identities in contexts of territorial stigma.
城市地区融入全球经济的方式决定了它们的空间组织、分布和利用。这一过程所产生的关系包括经济交流、工人与雇主之间的种族化动态、性别化的劳动分工以及对自然资源和基础设施的利用与滥用。全球化的这些碰撞往往是不平等或不协调的,并由从结构性暴力到人际暴力等各种形式的暴力进行调节,因为这些暴力被用来重新平衡它们相遇的条件。本文以殖民性为分析工具,探讨这些由西方主导的碰撞中的微妙平衡。全球化通过将等级关系嵌入现代政治经济的基础而具有了殖民性。性别身份、白人与非白人、发达与不发达等概念不断被重新定义,在殖民权力动态的基础上,对某些群体和地区进行污名化,同时抬高其他群体和地区。通过对美墨边境城市华雷斯的案例研究,本文在全球背景下审视人种志研究,以探讨在城市边缘地区,羞耻感是如何与男性身份联系在一起的。围绕城市空间生产的殖民性进行理论化,我讨论了华雷斯的边境位置如何通过与暴力相制衡的性别化和种族化摩擦塑造了其发展。殖民性视角有助于揭示全球南方工业城市作为不发达代名词的主流观念。运用边缘工作的概念,我阐述了暴力如何润滑全球化的车轮,以便在地域污名化的背景下重新协商受损的身份。