Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Feb 8;17(2):e0263583. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263583. eCollection 2022.
A growing body of research has reported on the potential opioid-sparing effects of cannabis and cannabinoids, but less is known about specific mechanisms. The present research examines cannabis-related posts in two large online communities on the Reddit platform ("subreddits") to compare mentions of naturalistic cannabis use by persons self-identifying as actively using opioids versus persons in recovery. We extracted all posts mentioning cannabis-related keywords (e.g., "weed", "cannabis", "marijuana") from December 2015 through August 2019 from an opioid use subreddit and an opioid recovery subreddit. To investigate how cannabis is discussed at-scale, we identified and compared the most frequent phrases in cannabis-related posts in each subreddit using term-frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting. To contextualize these findings, we also conducted a qualitative content analysis of 200 random posts (100 from each subreddit). Cannabis-related posts were about twice as prevalent in the recovery subreddit (n = 908; 5.4% of 16,791 posts) than in the active opioid use subreddit (n = 4,224; 2.6% of 159,994 posts, p < .001). The most frequent phrases from the recovery subreddit referred to time without using opioids and the possibility of using cannabis as a "treatment." The most frequent phrases from the opioid subreddit referred to concurrent use of cannabis and opioids. The most common motivations for using cannabis were to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms in the recovery subreddit, often in conjunction with anti-anxiety and GI-distress "comfort meds," and to enhance the "high" when used in combination with opioids in the opioid subreddit. Despite limitations in generalizability from pseudonymous online posts, this examination of reports of naturalistic cannabis use in relation to opioid use identified withdrawal symptom management as a common motivation. Future research is warranted with more structured assessments that examines the role of cannabis and cannabinoids in addressing both somatic and affective symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
越来越多的研究报告了大麻和大麻素的潜在阿片类药物节约效应,但对于具体机制知之甚少。本研究通过比较在 Reddit 平台上两个大型在线社区("子版块")中与大麻相关的帖子,来研究自我报告的积极使用阿片类药物的人与康复中的人自然使用大麻的情况。我们从 2015 年 12 月至 2019 年 8 月,从一个阿片类药物使用子版块和一个阿片类药物康复子版块中提取了所有提到大麻相关关键词(例如"weed","cannabis","marijuana")的帖子。为了研究大麻是如何被大规模讨论的,我们使用术语频率-逆文档频率(TF-IDF)加权法,从每个子版块的大麻相关帖子中识别和比较最常见的短语。为了使这些发现具有背景意义,我们还对每个子版块的 200 个随机帖子(每个子版块 100 个)进行了定性内容分析。与活跃的阿片类药物使用子版块(n = 4,224;159,994 篇帖子中的 2.6%,p <.001)相比,康复子版块中的大麻相关帖子更为常见(n = 908;16,791 篇帖子中的 5.4%)。康复子版块中最常见的短语是指没有使用阿片类药物的时间和将大麻用作"治疗"的可能性。阿片类药物子版块中最常见的短语是指同时使用大麻和阿片类药物。在康复子版块中,使用大麻的最常见动机是管理阿片类药物戒断症状,通常与抗焦虑和胃肠道不适的"舒适药物"一起使用,而在阿片类药物子版块中,与阿片类药物一起使用大麻的最常见动机是增强"快感"。尽管匿名在线帖子的普遍性存在局限性,但对自然使用大麻与阿片类药物使用的关系的报告进行了检查,发现戒断症状管理是一个常见的动机。需要进行更多的结构化评估研究,以检查大麻和大麻素在解决阿片类药物戒断的躯体和情感症状方面的作用。