Stunkard A J, Stinnett J L, Smoller J W
Am J Psychiatry. 1986 Apr;143(4):417-29. doi: 10.1176/ajp.143.4.417.
New surgical procedures have revolutionized the treatment of morbid obesity (more than 100% overweight), a condition associated with serious medical complications and for which conservative treatment has been largely ineffective. These procedures, which are surprisingly safe, produce large weight losses and marked improvement in hypertension, diabetes, and other disorders influenced by obesity. Striking changes also occur in vocational and psychosocial functioning, including marital and sexual relations, in eating behavior, in food preferences, and in body image. The emotional state of patients during weight loss following surgery is far superior to that during attempts at weight reduction by other methods. The surgical procedures appear to produce a major biological change, perhaps lowering a body weight set point.
新的外科手术彻底改变了病态肥胖症（超重超过100%）的治疗方式，这种病症会引发严重的医学并发症，而保守治疗在很大程度上一直无效。这些手术出人意料地安全，能使体重大幅减轻，高血压、糖尿病及其他受肥胖影响的病症也会有显著改善。职业和心理社会功能也会发生显著变化，包括婚姻和性关系、饮食行为、食物偏好以及身体形象等方面。患者在手术后体重减轻期间的情绪状态远比通过其他方法减肥时要好。这些外科手术似乎引发了重大的生理变化，也许是降低了体重设定点。
