Salerno Jay, Tow Stephanie, Regan Elizabeth, Bendziewicz Stephen, McMillan Matthew, Harrington Shana
Prisma Health Apex Athletic Performance, Lexington, SC, USA.
Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Feb 1;17(2):293-306. doi: 10.26603/001c.31173. eCollection 2022.
Para swimming has experienced increased participation in recent years. Injury and injury prevention research on Para swimmers is lacking compared to swimmers without impairment.
This study aimed to gather data in Para swimmers on typical injuries, injury prevention programs, and attitudes toward injury and injury prevention in this population.
Cross-sectional, mixed-methods design evaluating injuries, injury management, and injury prevention in elite Para swimmers in United States (U.S.).
Para swimmers on the U.S. Paralympics Swimming National teams at multiple competition levels were invited to complete an online survey. Qualitative interviews with six U.S. Paralympics National team Para swimmers were conducted to provide detail on athlete experiences with injury and prevention.
Twenty-one of 56 surveys were returned: 11 of 21 participants (52.4%) reported experiencing an injury that altered their weekly training. All (21/21) reported participating in strength training and 19 of 21 (90.5%) reported incorporating stretching into their training regimen, although strengthening/stretching regimens included routines that may not have been specifically targeted toward injury prevention. Six of 21 (28.6%) reported participation in an injury prevention program. Qualitative interview themes included the impact of swimmers' compensated body mechanics on injury risk, the value of individualized injury prevention programs, and the importance of knowledgeable coaching and rehabilitation staff.
Injury prevention programs are important components in Para swimming training although they are underutilized based on responses in this study. These programs should be individualized to address swimming biomechanics and athlete-specific impairments. Increasing coaching knowledge and access to individualized programs may reduce injury prevalence among this at-risk population.
近年来，残疾人游泳的参与度有所提高。与无身体障碍的游泳运动员相比，针对残疾人游泳运动员的损伤及损伤预防研究较为缺乏。
本研究旨在收集有关残疾人游泳运动员典型损伤、损伤预防计划以及该群体对损伤和损伤预防的态度的数据。
采用横断面混合方法设计，评估美国精英残疾人游泳运动员的损伤、损伤管理和损伤预防情况。
邀请美国残奥会游泳国家队多个比赛级别的残疾人游泳运动员完成一项在线调查。对六名美国残奥会国家队残疾人游泳运动员进行了定性访谈，以详细了解运动员在损伤和预防方面的经历。
共收回56份调查问卷中的21份：21名参与者中有11名（52.4%）报告称经历过影响其每周训练的损伤。所有21名（21/21）均报告参加了力量训练，21名中有19名（90.5%）报告在训练计划中纳入了拉伸，尽管力量训练/拉伸计划中的常规训练可能并非专门针对损伤预防。21名中有6名（28.6%）报告参加了损伤预防计划。定性访谈主题包括游泳运动员代偿性身体力学对损伤风险的影响、个性化损伤预防计划的价值以及知识渊博的教练和康复人员的重要性。
损伤预防计划是残疾人游泳训练的重要组成部分，尽管根据本研究的回复来看，这些计划未得到充分利用。这些计划应个性化，以解决游泳生物力学问题和运动员特定的损伤。增加教练知识并提供个性化计划可能会降低这一高危人群的损伤发生率。
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