Aitchison Beth, Rushton Alison B, Martin Paul, Soundy Andrew, Heneghan Nicola R
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
The Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Apr 21;13(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00269-1.
The value of social support in enhancing performance is well established in non-impaired and sub-international level athletes with impairments. Despite this, no research to date has explored the experiences of social support in elite para-athletes. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of social support in elite British para-swimmers and the influence on their wellbeing and performance.
A hermeneutic phenomenological study involving semi-structured interviews was undertaken with 8 elite British para-swimmers (3 male, 5 female, mean age 24.9 years). Participants represented 5 para-swimming classes and all 10 of the International Paralympic Committee impairment categories. Data were analysed following a modified version of the Framework Method. Research quality and trustworthiness were ensured through employing techniques including data triangulation, member checking and reflexivity.
Five themes and 11 sub-themes were generated. The five themes were: 'the coach-athlete relationship', 'team bond', 'tangible aid', 'The Podium Illusion' and 'British para-swimming'. The overall findings and the magnitude of support mentioned in the fourth theme led to the development of a new model called 'The Podium Illusion' which reflects the magnitude of support that is available to elite para-swimmers to help maximise their performance and wellbeing.
Social support is essential for athlete wellbeing and performance. Findings underpin a new model, 'The Podium Illusion'.
社会支持对提升表现的价值在未受损运动员和国际水平以下的残障运动员中已得到充分证实。尽管如此，迄今为止尚无研究探讨精英残障运动员的社会支持体验。本研究旨在探讨英国精英残障游泳运动员的社会支持体验及其对他们的幸福感和表现的影响。
采用诠释现象学研究方法，对8名英国精英残障游泳运动员（3名男性，5名女性，平均年龄24.9岁）进行半结构化访谈。参与者代表5个残障游泳级别以及国际残奥委会所有10个残障类别。数据采用改良版框架法进行分析。通过采用数据三角互证、成员核对和反思等技术确保研究质量和可信度。
生成了5个主题和11个子主题。这5个主题分别是：“教练-运动员关系”“团队凝聚力”“实际帮助”“领奖台错觉”和“英国残障游泳”。第四个主题中提到的总体研究结果和支持力度促使形成了一个名为“领奖台错觉”的新模型，该模型反映了精英残障游泳运动员可获得的支持力度，以帮助他们最大限度地提高表现和幸福感。
社会支持对运动员的幸福感和表现至关重要。研究结果为一个新模型“领奖台错觉”提供了支撑。
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