Mahajan Hemant B, Rashid Ameer Sardar, Junnarkar Aparna A, Uke Nilesh, Deshpande Sarita D, Futane Pravin R, Alkhayyat Ahmed, Alhayani Bilal
Godwit Technologies, Pune, India.
Business Information Technology, College of Administration and Economics, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniya, Iraq.
Appl Nanosci. 2023;13(3):2329-2342. doi: 10.1007/s13204-021-02164-0. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
Since the last decade, cloud-based electronic health records (EHRs) have gained significant attention to enable remote patient monitoring. The recent development of Healthcare 4.0 using the Internet of Things (IoT) components and cloud computing to access medical operations remotely has gained the researcher's attention from a smart city perspective. Healthcare 4.0 mainly consisted of periodic medical data sensing, aggregation, data transmission, data sharing, and data storage. The sensitive and personal data of patients lead to several challenges while protecting it from hackers. Therefore storing, accessing, and sharing the patient medical information on the cloud needs security attention that data should not be compromised by the authorized user's components of E-healthcare systems. To achieve secure medical data storage, sharing, and accessing in cloud service provider, several cryptography algorithms are designed so far. However, such conventional solutions failed to achieve the trade-off between the requirements of EHR security solutions such as computational efficiency, service side verification, user side verifications, without the trusted third party, and strong security. Blockchain-based security solutions gained significant attention in the recent past due to the ability to provide strong security for data storage and sharing with the minimum computation efforts. The blockchain made focused on bitcoin technology among the researchers. Utilizing the blockchain which secure healthcare records management has been of recent interest. This paper presents the systematic study of modern blockchain-based solutions for securing medical data with or without cloud computing. We implement and evaluate the different methods using blockchain in this paper. According to the research studies, the research gaps, challenges, and future roadmap are the outcomes of this paper that boost emerging Healthcare 4.0 technology.
在过去十年中，基于云的电子健康记录（EHR）在实现远程患者监测方面受到了广泛关注。最近利用物联网（IoT）组件和云计算远程访问医疗操作的医疗保健4.0的发展，从智慧城市的角度引起了研究人员的关注。医疗保健4.0主要包括定期医疗数据传感、聚合、数据传输、数据共享和数据存储。患者的敏感和个人数据在保护其免受黑客攻击时带来了一些挑战。因此，在云端存储、访问和共享患者医疗信息需要安全方面的关注，即数据不应被电子医疗系统的授权用户组件泄露。为了在云服务提供商中实现安全的医疗数据存储、共享和访问，目前已经设计了几种加密算法。然而，这些传统解决方案未能在电子健康记录安全解决方案的要求之间实现权衡，如计算效率、服务端验证、用户端验证、无需可信第三方以及强大的安全性。基于区块链的安全解决方案由于能够以最小的计算量为数据存储和共享提供强大的安全性，在最近受到了广泛关注。区块链在研究人员中主要聚焦于比特币技术。利用区块链进行安全的医疗记录管理最近受到了关注。本文对基于现代区块链的解决方案进行了系统研究，以在有或没有云计算的情况下保护医疗数据安全。我们在本文中实现并评估了使用区块链的不同方法。根据研究，研究差距、挑战和未来路线图是本文的成果，推动了新兴的医疗保健4.0技术发展。
