Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1353:131-149. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-85113-2_8.
Within a short period, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spread all over the globe and became the first pandemic of the present century. Early diagnostic tools and effective drugs are urgently needed to effectively manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on current literature, we provide recent updates on SARS-CoV-2 biology, available diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options for the management of COVID-19 pandemic.
A literature survey was done using Google and PubMed and Web of Science to summarize the current updates on this topic.
Current coronavirus diagnostic tests are reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) which detects the presence of specific genome sequence of virus. Existing antiviral drugs or new therapeutic options such as neutralizing antibody or plasma therapy are mostly used to restrict the virus growth with a limited success.
As there is no specific treatment or vaccine available to limit the infection of SARS-CoV-2, we need to rely on the existing way to limit the disease. The first priority to fight COVID-19 is development of early diagnostic tools so that infected persons can be identified and further viral transmission can be blocked. Evaluation of existing drugs or identification of new therapeutic entities becomes the major challenge to deal with the present pandemic.
在短时间内，由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在全球范围内迅速蔓延，成为本世纪的首次大流行。为了有效应对 COVID-19 大流行，迫切需要早期诊断工具和有效的药物。基于当前文献，我们提供了 SARS-CoV-2 生物学、现有诊断方法和 COVID-19 大流行管理治疗选择的最新进展。
使用 Google、PubMed 和 Web of Science 进行文献检索，以总结本主题的最新进展。
目前的冠状病毒诊断测试包括逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、实时 RT-PCR（qRT-PCR）和逆转录环介导等温扩增（RT-LAMP），可检测病毒特定基因组序列的存在。现有的抗病毒药物或新的治疗选择，如中和抗体或血浆疗法，主要用于限制病毒的生长，但效果有限。
由于目前尚无特定的治疗方法或疫苗可限制 SARS-CoV-2 的感染，我们需要依靠现有的方法来限制疾病的传播。抗击 COVID-19 的首要任务是开发早期诊断工具，以便识别感染者并进一步阻断病毒传播。评估现有药物或鉴定新的治疗实体成为应对当前大流行的主要挑战。
