Smogur Michal, Onesanu Alice, Plessen Kerstin Jessica, Eap Chin B, Ansermot Nicolas
Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2022 Mar;32(2):80-88. doi: 10.1089/cap.2021.0027. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
The decision to prescribe a medication and the choice of which one are often complex, particularly in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry where evidence is scarce. The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of psychotropic drugs approved in children and adolescents for psychiatric indications in several countries. All psychopharmacological treatments used in child and adolescent psychiatry, approved by at least one regulatory agency from Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, the European Union, or the United States, were considered. A comprehensive review of the summaries of product characteristics was performed. A total of 143 psychotropic drugs were included: 47 anxiolytics/hypnotics, 45 antidepressants, 37 antipsychotics, 10 medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 4 mood stabilizers. Only a few of these drugs were approved for use in children or adolescents (38%) at least for a single psychiatric diagnosis in at least one country. The therapeutic class with the lowest rate of approved status was antidepressants (20%), followed by mood stabilizers (25%), anxiolytics/hypnotics (28%), antipsychotics (57%), and medications for ADHD (100%). Important differences in approved diagnoses, ages, and doses were observed between regulatory agencies. Tables presenting drugs for approved diagnoses based on age and regulatory agencies are presented in this article. Drugs classified by regulatory agencies, with complete data on diagnoses, ages, doses, pharmaceutical forms, and particular restrictions, are presented as Supplementary Material. This article provides an overview to prescribers with respect to the approved medications in children and adolescents in selected European countries and the United States.
开药的决定以及选择哪种药物往往很复杂，尤其是在儿童和青少年精神病学领域，因为相关证据稀缺。本综述的目的是综合几个国家已批准用于儿童和青少年精神疾病适应症的精神药物。我们考虑了在儿童和青少年精神病学中使用的、至少获得瑞士、英国、法国、欧盟或美国其中一个监管机构批准的所有精神药物治疗方法。我们对产品特性摘要进行了全面综述。总共纳入了143种精神药物：47种抗焦虑药/催眠药、45种抗抑郁药、37种抗精神病药、10种用于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的药物和4种情绪稳定剂。在至少一个国家，这些药物中只有少数（38%）被批准用于儿童或青少年至少一种精神疾病诊断。批准率最低的治疗类别是抗抑郁药（20%），其次是情绪稳定剂（25%）、抗焦虑药/催眠药（28%）、抗精神病药（57%）和用于ADHD的药物（100%）。不同监管机构在批准的诊断、年龄和剂量方面存在重要差异。本文列出了根据年龄和监管机构划分的批准诊断用药表格。按监管机构分类的药物，包括关于诊断、年龄、剂量、剂型和特殊限制的完整数据，作为补充材料呈现。本文为处方医生提供了有关选定欧洲国家和美国儿童及青少年批准用药的概述。
