Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Great Plains Regional Office, Ducks Unlimited, Inc, 2525 River Road, Bismarck, ND, 58503, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(30):45261-45275. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-18991-9. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
Agrochemicals including neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides are frequently applied as seed treatments on corn, soybeans, and other common row crops. Crops grown from pesticide-treated seed are often directly planted in managed floodplain wetlands and used as a soil disturbance or food resource for wildlife. We quantified invertebrate communities within mid-latitude floodplain wetlands and assessed their response to use of pesticide-treated seeds within the floodplain. We collected and tested aqueous and sediment samples for pesticides in addition to sampling aquatic invertebrates from 22 paired wetlands. Samples were collected twice in 2016 (spring [pre-water level drawdown] and autumn [post-water level flood-up]) followed by a third sampling period (spring 2017). Meanwhile, during the summer of 2016, a portion of study wetlands were planted with either pesticide-treated or untreated corn seed. Neonicotinoid toxic equivalencies (NI-EQs) for sediment (X̅ = 0.58 μg/kg), water (X̅ = 0.02 μg/L), and sediment fungicide concentrations (X̅ = 0.10 μg/kg) were used to assess potential effects on wetland invertebrates. An overall decrease in aquatic insect richness and abundance was associated with greater NI-EQs in wetland water and sediments, as well as with sediment fungicide concentration. Post-treatment, treated wetlands displayed a decrease in insect taxa-richness and abundance before recovering by the spring of 2017. Information on timing and magnitude of aquatic insect declines will be useful when considering the use of seed treatments for wildlife management. More broadly, this study brings attention to how agriculture is used in wetland management and conservation planning.
农用化学品，包括新烟碱类杀虫剂和杀菌剂，经常作为玉米、大豆和其他常见的条播作物的种子处理剂使用。用农药处理过的种子种植的作物通常直接种植在管理湿地中，作为野生动物的土壤干扰物或食物资源。我们量化了中纬度洪泛区湿地中的无脊椎动物群落，并评估了它们对洪泛区使用农药处理种子的反应。我们收集并测试了水和沉积物中的农药样本，此外还从 22 个配对湿地中采集和测试了水生无脊椎动物样本。这些样本在 2016 年分两次采集（春季[水位下降前]和秋季[水位上升后]），随后在 2017 年春季进行了第三次采样。同时，在 2016 年夏季，一部分研究湿地种植了经过农药处理或未经处理的玉米种子。利用沉积物（X̅=0.58μg/kg）、水（X̅=0.02μg/L）和沉积物杀菌剂浓度（X̅=0.10μg/kg）的新烟碱类毒性等效物（NI-EQs）来评估对湿地无脊椎动物的潜在影响。湿地水中和沉积物中的新烟碱类毒性等效物（NI-EQs）以及沉积物杀菌剂浓度与水生昆虫丰富度和丰度的总体下降有关。处理后，受处理的湿地在 2017 年春季前昆虫类群丰富度和丰度下降，然后恢复。在考虑将种子处理用于野生动物管理时，有关水生昆虫减少的时间和幅度的信息将非常有用。更广泛地说，这项研究引起了人们对农业在湿地管理和保护规划中的应用的关注。
