Center for Health Policy, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA.
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Palliat Med. 2022 Aug;25(8):1228-1235. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0416. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
Approximately one-quarter of all deaths in the United States occur in nursing homes (NHs). Palliative care has the potential to improve NH end-of-life care, but more information is needed on the provision of palliative care in NHs serving Black and Hispanic residents. To determine whether palliative care services in United States NHs are associated with differences in the concentrations of Black and Hispanic residents, respectively, and the impact by region. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis. The outcome was NH palliative care services (measured by an earlier national survey); total scores ranged from 0 to 100 (higher scores indicated more services). Other data included the Minimum Data Set and administrative data. The independent variables were concentration of Black and Hispanic residents (i.e., <3%, 3-10%, >10%), respectively, and models were stratified by region (i.e., Northeast, Midwest, South and West). We compared unadjusted, weighted mean palliative care services by the concentration of Black and Hispanic residents and computed NH-level multivariable linear regressions. Eight hundred sixty-nine (weighted = 15,020) NHs across the United States. Multivariable analyses showed fewer palliative care services provided in NHs with greater concentrations of Black and Hispanic residents. Fewer palliative care services were reported in NHs in the Northeast, for which >10% of the resident population was Black, and NHs in the West for which >10% was Hispanic versus NHs with <3% of the population being Black and Hispanic (-13.7; < 0.001 and -9.3; < 0.05, respectively). We observed differences in NH palliative care by region and with greater concentration of Black and Hispanic residents. Our findings suggest that greater investment in NH palliative care services may be an important strategy to advance health equity in end-of-life care for Black and Hispanic residents.
美国约四分之一的死亡发生在养老院(NH)中。姑息治疗有可能改善 NH 的临终关怀,但需要更多关于为服务黑人和西班牙裔居民的 NH 提供姑息治疗的信息。 为了确定美国 NH 中的姑息治疗服务是否与黑人和西班牙裔居民的浓度分别相关,以及按地区的影响。 我们进行了横断面分析。结果是 NH 姑息治疗服务(通过早期的全国性调查衡量);总分为 0 到 100 分(分数越高表示服务越多)。其他数据包括最低数据集和行政数据。自变量分别为黑人和西班牙裔居民的浓度(即<3%、3-10%、>10%),模型按地区分层(即东北、中西部、南部和西部)。我们比较了按黑人和西班牙裔居民浓度调整后的未调整、加权平均姑息治疗服务,并计算了 NH 水平的多变量线性回归。 全美 869 家(加权 15020 家)NH。 多变量分析显示,黑人居民和西班牙裔居民比例较高的 NH 提供的姑息治疗服务较少。黑人和西班牙裔居民比例超过 10%的 NH 报告的姑息治疗服务较少,黑人和西班牙裔居民比例超过 10%的 NH 报告的姑息治疗服务较少,而黑人和西班牙裔居民比例<3%的 NH 报告的姑息治疗服务较少(-13.7;<0.001 和-9.3;<0.05)。 我们观察到 NH 姑息治疗按地区和黑人和西班牙裔居民的浓度存在差异。我们的研究结果表明,增加 NH 姑息治疗服务的投资可能是提高黑人和西班牙裔居民临终关怀健康公平的重要策略。