Department of Economics and Public Policy, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, 17604, USA.
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Apr 15;308:114649. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114649. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
The ability to identify, target, and treat critical pollution source areas on a landscape is an ongoing challenge for water quality programs that seek to address nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. In this article, we develop a conceptual framework for targeting program design, and review recent experience with the implementation of targeting programs that corresponds with a wide range of program characteristics. Through this review, we emphasize that the complex and locally dependent nature of NPS generation and transport makes it impossible to define a narrow set of rules to guide targeting programs everywhere. Instead, we evaluate key features of NPS targeting in several different contexts, highlighting lessons learned from recent experience. This synthesis of targeting program design and implementation points toward several areas of opportunity for improved NPS policy, however more research is needed to systematically document changes in behavior and pollutant loads. The lack of monitoring data at refined scales presents a major obstacle to targeting program success. This paper synthesizes new opportunities and ongoing challenges for the implementation of targeting in NPS water quality programs.
确定、瞄准和治理景观上的关键污染源区域，是旨在解决非点源（NPS）污染的水质计划所面临的持续挑战。本文提出了一个针对规划设计的概念性框架，并回顾了与各种规划特点相对应的目标规划实施的最新经验。通过这次回顾，我们强调 NPS 产生和传输的复杂和地方性，使得不可能在任何地方定义一套狭义规则来指导目标规划。相反，我们在几个不同的背景下评估 NPS 目标规划的关键特征，突出从近期经验中吸取的教训。本研究对 NPS 目标规划的设计和实施进行了综合分析，为改进 NPS 政策指明了几个机会领域，但需要更多的研究来系统地记录行为和污染物负荷的变化。在细化尺度上缺乏监测数据，是目标规划成功的主要障碍。本文综合了 NPS 水质计划中实施目标规划的新机遇和持续挑战。
