Frobel Wiebke, Grafe Nico, Meigen Christof, Vogel Mandy, Hiemisch Andreas, Kiess Wieland, Poulain Tanja
LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Feb 10;22(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12586-2.
Substance use in childhood and adolescence continues to be a current health concern. The aims of the present study were to identify trends in the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in children and adolescents in the last 10 years and to assess associations between substance use and quality of life and behavioral strengths and difficulties.
Substance use was examined in 1829 9- to 18-year-old German children and adolescents participating in the LIFE Child cohort study between 2011 and 2020. Quality of life was investigated using the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess behavioral strengths and difficulties. Associations were assessed using linear regression analyses. All effects were adjusted for age, gender, and family socio-economic status.
38.44% of participants reported drinking alcohol at least sometimes. Smoking (6.23%) and the use of cannabis (3.94%) were less frequent. While we observed no significant changes in smoking between 2011 and 2021, the consumption of cannabis and the frequent consumption of alcohol has increased in this time period. Cigarette and cannabis use were associated with additional symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and reduced prosocial behavior. For all three substances, usage was associated with more conduct problems. We also found significant associations between substance use and a lower quality of life in the areas of physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, parent relation and autonomy, and school environment. One noteworthy finding was that cigarette consumption and frequent alcohol use were associated with higher quality of life in terms of social support/peer group relations. Some significant interactions between substance use and child age indicated that associations between substance use and quality of life or behavioral difficulties were stronger in younger than in older children.
The results show that quality of life and behavioral difficulties are associated with substance use and should be considered when developing or implementing preventive measures to counter substance use. Furthermore, the findings indicate that substance use can be accompanied by improved peer relations. Therefore, the influence of peers, especially of peers who use these substances, should not be underestimated.
儿童和青少年时期的物质使用仍然是当前的一个健康问题。本研究的目的是确定过去10年中儿童和青少年酒精、香烟和大麻的使用趋势，并评估物质使用与生活质量以及行为优势和困难之间的关联。
对2011年至2020年期间参与LIFE儿童队列研究的1829名9至18岁德国儿童和青少年的物质使用情况进行了调查。使用KIDSCREEN - 27问卷对生活质量进行了调查。使用优势与困难问卷来评估行为优势和困难。使用线性回归分析评估关联。所有效应均根据年龄、性别和家庭社会经济地位进行了调整。
38.44%的参与者报告至少有时饮酒。吸烟（6.23%）和大麻使用（3.94%）的频率较低。虽然我们在2011年至2021年期间未观察到吸烟有显著变化，但在此期间大麻消费和频繁饮酒有所增加。香烟和大麻使用与多动/注意力不集中的额外症状以及亲社会行为减少有关。对于所有这三种物质，使用都与更多的行为问题有关。我们还发现物质使用与身体健康、心理健康、亲子关系和自主性以及学校环境等领域的较低生活质量之间存在显著关联。一个值得注意的发现是，就社会支持/同伴群体关系而言，香烟消费和频繁饮酒与较高的生活质量有关。物质使用与儿童年龄之间的一些显著相互作用表明，物质使用与生活质量或行为困难之间的关联在年幼儿童中比在年长儿童中更强。
结果表明，生活质量和行为困难与物质使用有关，在制定或实施预防物质使用的措施时应予以考虑。此外，研究结果表明物质使用可能伴随着同伴关系的改善。因此，同伴的影响，尤其是使用这些物质的同伴的影响，不应被低估。
