Song Wangting, Zhang Ke, Xue Teng, Han Jiarui, Peng Fangda, Ding Chunguang, Lin Feng, Li Jiujun, Sze Fat Tin Agassi, Gan Jianwen, Chen Xianyang
Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China.
School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Food Funct. 2022 Mar 7;13(5):2475-2490. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03671h.
seed oil (ASO) is rich in ω-9 (53.93%) and ω-6 (30.7%) fatty acids (FAs) and characterized by 3-7% nervonic acid (NA, C24:1ω-9). Evidence suggests that ω-9 FAs such as NA participate in processes of cognitive improvement; however, their mechanism remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the effect of ASO on rat memory and the change in lipid profiling and underlying metabolism. After ASO was administrated to rats for one, three and seven days, their capacity for learning and memory significantly increased the MWM test. Lipid profiling showed alterations in a wide range of metabolic features after ASO was administrated to the rats, in which sphingolipids (SP) in the serum and glycerophospholipids (GP) in the brain were regulated significantly. The changes in the fatty acids in the serum and brain showed the synergetic effects of NA, EA, OA and DHA, where NA, EA and OA exhibited similar change trends. The enrichment analysis based on KEGG indicated that ASO supplementation evoked the pathways of neurotrophin signaling, glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, which are related to memory and cognition improvement. Among the metabolites with different molecular forms, the biomarkers with C24:1ω-9 chains exhibited a positive correlation with others both in the serum SP and brain GP. These results suggest the synergistic effects of ω-9 FAs and that their conversion into each other may result in enhanced cognition in rats ingesting seed oil.
种子油（ASO）富含ω-9（53.93%）和ω-6（30.7%）脂肪酸（FAs），并以3 - 7%的神经酸（NA，C24:1ω-9）为特征。有证据表明，像NA这样的ω-9脂肪酸参与认知改善过程；然而，其机制仍不明确。在本研究中，我们调查了ASO对大鼠记忆的影响以及脂质谱和潜在代谢的变化。在给大鼠喂食ASO 1天、3天和7天后，它们在莫里斯水迷宫测试中的学习和记忆能力显著提高。脂质谱显示，给大鼠喂食ASO后，多种代谢特征发生了改变，其中血清中的鞘脂（SP）和大脑中的甘油磷脂（GP）受到显著调节。血清和大脑中脂肪酸的变化显示了NA、二十碳烯酸（EA）、油酸（OA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的协同作用，其中NA、EA和OA呈现出相似的变化趋势。基于京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）的富集分析表明，补充ASO激活了与记忆和认知改善相关的神经营养因子信号传导、甘油磷脂代谢和鞘脂代谢途径。在具有不同分子形式的代谢物中，具有C24:1ω-9链的生物标志物在血清SP和大脑GP中均与其他生物标志物呈正相关。这些结果表明ω-9脂肪酸具有协同作用，并且它们相互转化可能导致摄入种子油的大鼠认知能力增强。
