University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 1;823:153744. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153744. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
Agro-food processing industries generate large amounts of pesticide-contaminated effluents that pose a significant environmental threat if managed improperly. Biopurification systems like biobeds could be utilized for the depuration of these effluents although direct evidence for their efficiency are still lacking. We employed a column leaching experiment with pilot biobeds to (i) assess the depuration potential of biobeds against fungicide-contaminated effluents from seed-producing (carboxin, metalaxyl-M, fluxapyroxad), bulb-handling (thiabendazole, fludioxonil and chlorothalonil) and fruit-packaging (fludioxonil, imazalil) industries, (ii) to monitor microbial succession via amplicon sequencing and (iii) to determine the presence and dynamics of mobile genetic elements like intl1, IS1071, IncP-1 and IncP-1ε often associated with the transposition of pesticide-degrading genes. Biobeds could effectively retain (adsorbed but extractable with organic solvents) and dissipate (degraded and/or not extractable with organic solvents) the fungicides that were contained in the agro-industrial effluents with 93.1-99.98% removal efficiency in all cases. Lipophilic substances like fluxapyroxad were mostly retained in the biobed while more polar substances like metalaxyl-M and carboxin were mostly dissipated or showed higher leaching potential like metalaxyl-M. Biobeds supported a bacterial and fungal community that was not affected by fungicide application but showed clear temporal patterns in the different biobed horizons. This was most probably driven by the establishment of microaerophilic conditions upon water saturation of biobeds, as supported by the significant increase in the abundance of facultative or strict anaerobes like Chloroflexi/Anaerolinae, Acidibacter and Myxococcota. Wastewater application did not affect the dynamics of mobile genetic elements in biobeds whose abundance (intl1, IS1071, IncP-1ε) showed significant increases with time. Our findings suggest that biobeds could effectively decontaminate fungicide-contaminated effluents produced by agro-food industries and support a rather resilient microbial community.
农业食品加工业产生大量受农药污染的废水，如果管理不当，会对环境造成重大威胁。生物净化系统，如生物床，可以用于净化这些废水，但目前仍缺乏直接证据证明其效率。我们采用柱浸实验和中试生物床，（i）评估生物床对来自种子生产（carboxin、metalaxyl-M、fluxapyroxad）、鳞茎处理（thiabendazole、fludioxonil 和 chlorothalonil）和水果包装（fludioxonil、imazalil）行业的杀菌剂污染废水的净化潜力，（ii）通过扩增子测序监测微生物演替，（iii）确定移动遗传元件（如 intl1、IS1071、IncP-1 和 IncP-1ε）的存在和动态，这些元件通常与农药降解基因的转位有关。生物床可以有效地保留（用有机溶剂可提取但吸附的）和消散（用有机溶剂可降解和/或不可提取的）农业工业废水中所含的杀菌剂，在所有情况下去除效率均达到 93.1-99.98%。亲脂性物质，如 fluxapyroxad，主要被保留在生物床中，而极性较强的物质，如 metalaxyl-M 和 carboxin，则主要被消散或显示出较高的浸出潜力，如 metalaxyl-M。生物床支持一个不受杀菌剂应用影响的细菌和真菌群落，但在不同的生物床层次上表现出明显的时间模式。这很可能是由于生物床被水饱和时建立了微需氧条件，这得到了兼性或严格厌氧菌（如 Chloroflexi/Anaerolinae、Acidibacter 和 Myxococcota）丰度显著增加的支持。废水应用并未影响生物床中移动遗传元件的动态，其丰度（intl1、IS1071、IncP-1ε）随时间呈显著增加趋势。我们的研究结果表明，生物床可以有效地净化农业食品工业产生的受农药污染的废水，并支持一个相当有弹性的微生物群落。
