Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), DE-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022 Mar;172:157-167. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Feb 8.
Interferons (IFN) are immunomodulating, antiviral and antiproliferative cytokines for treatment of multiple indications, including cancer, hepatitis, and autoimmune disease. The first IFNs were discovered in 1957, first approved in 1986, and are nowadays listed in the WHO model list of essential medicines. Three classes of IFNs are known; IFN-α2a and IFN-β belonging to type-I IFNs, IFN-γ a type-II IFN approved for some hereditary diseases and IFN-λs, which form the newest class of type-III IFNs. IFN-λs were discovered in the last decade with fascinating yet under discovered pharmaceutical potential. This article reviews available IFN drugs, their field and route of application, while also outlining available and future strategies for bioconjugation to further optimize pharmaceutical and clinical performances of all three available IFN classes.
干扰素 (IFN) 是具有免疫调节、抗病毒和抗增殖作用的细胞因子，可用于多种适应症的治疗，包括癌症、肝炎和自身免疫性疾病。第一批干扰素于 1957 年被发现，1986 年首次获得批准，如今被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单。目前已知有三类干扰素：IFN-α2a 和 IFN-β 属于 I 型干扰素，IFN-γ 是批准用于某些遗传性疾病的 II 型干扰素，而 IFN-λs 则构成了最新的 III 型干扰素。IFN-λs 是在过去十年中被发现的，具有令人着迷但尚未被发现的药物潜力。本文综述了现有的 IFN 药物、它们的应用领域和途径，同时概述了现有和未来的生物缀合策略，以进一步优化所有三种现有 IFN 类别的药物和临床性能。
