University of Goettingen, Department of Economics, Platz der Goettinger Sieben 3, Goettingen 37073, Germany.
J Health Econ. 2022 Mar;82:102599. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102599. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
In this paper, I propose a life cycle model of occupational choice with endogenous health behavior, aging, and longevity. Health-demanding work leads to a faster accumulation of health deficits and is remunerated with a hazard markup on wages. Health deficit accumulation is also influenced by unhealthy consumption and health care expenditure. I calibrate the model for a 20 year old average American in 2010 and show the following results, among others. Health-demanding work is ceteris paribus preferred by male, young, and healthy individuals with a relatively low level of education. Health demanding work has a negligible effect on health behavior because income and health investment effects largely offset each other, implying that health effects can be attributed almost fully to the direct health burden of work. Better medical technology induces low-skilled individuals to spend a greater part of their life in health-demanding work and thus increases the health gradient of education. High wealth endowments protect against unhealthy occupational choices. I show robustness of the results in an extension of the model with regard to endogenous retirement.
本文提出了一个包含内生健康行为、衰老和长寿的职业选择生命周期模型。对健康有要求的工作会导致健康赤字更快地积累，并通过工资风险溢价得到补偿。健康赤字的积累也受到不健康消费和医疗支出的影响。我对 2010 年一名 20 岁的普通美国男性进行了模型校准，并得出了以下结果，其中包括：相对教育水平较低的男性、年轻人和健康个体在其他条件相同的情况下更偏好健康要求高的工作。健康要求高的工作对健康行为的影响可以忽略不计，因为收入和健康投资的影响在很大程度上相互抵消，这意味着健康影响几乎可以完全归因于工作对健康的直接负担。更好的医疗技术促使低技能个体将更多的生命投入到对健康有要求的工作中，从而增加了教育的健康梯度。高财富赋予的资源可以保护人们免受不健康的职业选择的影响。我在模型中加入了内生退休的扩展，证明了这些结果的稳健性。
