Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
Mechanical Engineering, Division of Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Isikawa, 924-0838, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 11;12(1):2362. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05317-5.
Swimming motions of rays that swim using undulation locomotion are not always symmetrical; there may be a phase difference between the left and right pectoral fins. However, few studies on the swimming of rays have mentioned left and right pectoral fin movements. Moreover, the effects of movements of the left and right pectoral fins on swimming have not been clarified. This paper describes a computational study of phase differences of pectoral fin movements in the swimming of rays with the validity of fluid analysis methods. The movement and shape of the ray were made based on previous biological research and pictures. An overset grid was used to reproduce the ray's complex motions. The analysis was performed under four phase difference conditions: 0 [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the period), 0.25 [Formula: see text], 0.5 [Formula: see text], and 0.75 [Formula: see text]. The results show that a phase difference between the left and right pectoral fin movements affects swimming stability and maneuverability but not propulsive efficiency. We suggest that the phase difference in pectoral fin movements is essential for the swimming of rays, and rays adjust the phase difference between the movement of the left and right pectoral fins to suit their purpose.
使用波动游动方式游动的鳐鱼的游动动作并不总是对称的；左右胸鳍之间可能存在相位差。然而，很少有关于鳐鱼游泳的研究提到过左右胸鳍的运动。此外，左右胸鳍运动对游泳的影响尚不清楚。本文描述了一项使用流体分析方法有效性的鳐鱼游动中胸鳍运动相位差的计算研究。根据先前的生物研究和图片制作了鳐鱼的运动和形状。使用重叠网格来再现鳐鱼的复杂运动。在四种相位差条件下进行了分析：0 [Formula: see text]（[Formula: see text]是周期）、0.25 [Formula: see text]、0.5 [Formula: see text]和 0.75 [Formula: see text]。结果表明，左右胸鳍运动的相位差会影响游泳的稳定性和机动性，但不会影响推进效率。我们认为，胸鳍运动的相位差对鳐鱼的游泳至关重要，鳐鱼会调整左右胸鳍运动之间的相位差以适应其目的。
