Mansuri Abdulkhalik, Chaudhari Ramesh, Nasra Simran, Meghani Nikita, Ranjan Shivendu, Kumar Ashutosh
Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, (formerly Kanpur University), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(10):24907-24918. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19116-y. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Antimicrobials of natural origin are proving to be an effective solution to emerging antimicrobial resistance and its physiological side effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that essential oils encapsulated in the form of nanoemulsions have better antimicrobial activity than the oil itself, possibly due to its high stability, solubility, sustained release, and increased bioavailability. In the present study, fenugreek oil-a well-known antimicrobial and antioxidant-has been used to fabricate nanoemulsion (NE), with an objective to meet potential alternative to synthesized antimicrobials. A combination of three different components, water, fenugreek oil, and Tween 80, has been used to prepare the nanoemulsions of different size and one of the most stable nanoemulsion with lowest concentration of surfactant Tween 80 was used to assess its bioactivity, antimicrobial properties, and toxicity against human hepatic cell line. Among all the formulations, nano-emulsion with 2.5% oil concentration, 30 min sonication (hydrodynamic size 135.2 nm, zeta potential 36.8 mV, PDI 0.135, and pH 5.12), was selected for all studies. The nanoemulsion showed potential antibacterial activity against all the microbial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) used in this study. Interestingly, the nanoemulsion showed potential antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, known to show resistance against ampicillin. The toxicity evaluation in human hepatic cell line (WRL-68) indicated no significant toxicity of nanoemulsion up to the concentration of 800 µg/ml. The synthesized nanoemulsion thus has a translational potential as a food-grade non-toxic natural nanoantimicrobials.
天然来源的抗菌剂被证明是解决新出现的抗菌耐药性及其生理副作用的有效方法。最近的研究表明，以纳米乳液形式包封的精油比其本身具有更好的抗菌活性，这可能是由于其高稳定性、溶解性、缓释性和提高的生物利用度。在本研究中，胡芦巴油（一种著名的抗菌剂和抗氧化剂）被用于制备纳米乳液（NE），目的是作为合成抗菌剂的潜在替代品。使用水、胡芦巴油和吐温80这三种不同成分的组合来制备不同尺寸的纳米乳液，并使用表面活性剂吐温80浓度最低且最稳定的一种纳米乳液来评估其生物活性、抗菌性能以及对人肝癌细胞系的毒性。在所有配方中，选择油浓度为2.5%、超声处理30分钟（流体动力学尺寸135.2纳米、ζ电位36.8毫伏、多分散指数0.135、pH值5.12）的纳米乳液进行所有研究。该纳米乳液对本研究中使用的所有微生物菌株（大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌）均显示出潜在的抗菌活性。有趣的是，该纳米乳液对已知对氨苄西林耐药的铜绿假单胞菌显示出潜在的抗菌活性。在人肝癌细胞系（WRL-68）中的毒性评估表明，在浓度高达800微克/毫升时，纳米乳液没有明显毒性。因此，合成的纳米乳液作为食品级无毒天然纳米抗菌剂具有转化应用潜力。
