Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 1;823:153745. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153745. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
The health effects of the particulate matter (PM) depend not only on its aerodynamic diameter (AD) and chemical composition, but also on the time activity pattern of the individuals and on their age. The main objective of this work was to assess the exposure of children to aerosol particles by using personal instruments, to study the particle size and composition of the inhaled PM, and to estimate their transport and deposition into the human respiratory tract (HRT). The average daily PM2.5 exposure was 19 μg/m and the size fractions with the greatest contribution to PM2.5 concentrations were 1 < AD <2.5 μm and AD <0.25 μm. Results indicated a contribution of 9% from the mineral aerosol, 7.2% from anthropogenic sulphate, 6.7% from black carbon and 5% from anthropogenic trace elements to the daily exposure to PM2.5. The levels of mineral and marine elements increased with increasing particle size, while anthropogenic elements were present in higher concentrations in the finest particles. Particle size has been shown to influence the variability of daily dose deposited between the extrathoracic and alveolar-interstitial zones. On average, 3% of the PM deposited in the bronchial region, whereas 5% to 8% were found in the bronchiolar region. The level of physical activity had a significant contribution to the total daily dose.
颗粒物（PM）的健康影响不仅取决于其空气动力学直径（AD）和化学成分，还取决于个体的时间活动模式及其年龄。这项工作的主要目的是使用个人仪器评估儿童对气溶胶颗粒的暴露情况，研究吸入 PM 的粒径和组成，并估计其在人体呼吸道（HRT）中的传输和沉积。平均每日 PM2.5 暴露量为 19μg/m，对 PM2.5 浓度贡献最大的粒径分数为 1<AD<2.5μm 和 AD<0.25μm。结果表明，矿物气溶胶对每日 PM2.5 暴露的贡献为 9%，人为硫酸盐为 7.2%，黑碳为 6.7%，人为微量元素为 5%。矿物和海洋元素的水平随粒径的增加而增加，而人为元素在最细颗粒中存在更高的浓度。粒径已被证明会影响每日沉积在胸外区和肺泡-间质区之间的剂量的可变性。平均而言，有 3%的 PM 沉积在支气管区域，而有 5%至 8%沉积在细支气管区域。身体活动水平对总日剂量有显著贡献。
