Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Ann Anat. 2022 Apr;241:151905. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151905. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
The aim of this exploratory study is to analyse whether three-dimensional cinematic rendering image reconstructions offer advantages over conventional volume rendering in the visualisation of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computed tomography (CT) images of the facial skeleton. This is of interest, as some information gets lost during the rendering process. This especially applies to structures in the background of the image and some surface information which can be lost. The commonly applied two-dimensional representation of CBCT or CT images in three different axes requires experience for interpretation. Cinematic rendering is a new three-dimensional post processing reconstruction technique, creating photo realistic visualisations, thus possibly enabling an easier interpretation of the images. In this study, ten investigators assessed ten separate patient cases of the orofacial skeleton. For each case, a conventional volume rendering image reconstruction and a cinematic rendering reconstruction of the same area was created. A specially designed questionnaire assessed both objective and subjective criteria of image perception. Objective criteria were assessed by predefined questions on the visual perception of anatomical image characteristics, showing the two reconstruction types of each case randomly to the investigators in two sessions. Subjective criteria were assessed via a visual analogue scale, showing both reconstructions simultaneously in a third session. The results show that cinematic rendering offers advantages especially in the evaluation of depth perception and three-dimensionality. Volume rendering shows advantages in surface sharpness. Cinematic Rendering was subjectively rated higher for almost all reconstructions. The cinematic rendering process however may cause loss of information and blurring of surfaces compared to volume rendering. With respect to the subjective impression, cinematic rendering scored better than volume rendering. The visualisation is perceived as being very close to reality.
本探索性研究旨在分析三维电影渲染图像重建在显示面部骨骼锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）和计算机断层扫描（CT）图像方面是否优于传统的体积渲染。这是因为在渲染过程中会丢失一些信息。这尤其适用于图像背景中的结构和一些可能丢失的表面信息。通常在三个不同轴上应用的 CBCT 或 CT 图像的二维表示形式需要经验才能进行解释。电影渲染是一种新的三维后处理重建技术，可以创建逼真的视觉效果，从而可能使图像更容易解释。在这项研究中，十名研究人员评估了十个单独的颌面部骨骼患者病例。对于每个病例，创建了一个常规的体积渲染图像重建和相同区域的电影渲染重建。一个专门设计的问卷评估了图像感知的客观和主观标准。客观标准通过对解剖图像特征的视觉感知的预设问题进行评估，将两种重建类型的每个病例随机显示给研究人员在两个会话中。主观标准通过视觉模拟量表进行评估，同时在第三个会话中显示两种重建。结果表明，电影渲染在评估深度感知和立体感方面具有优势。体积渲染在表面清晰度方面具有优势。电影渲染在几乎所有重建中都被主观评价更高。然而，与体积渲染相比，电影渲染过程可能会导致信息丢失和表面模糊。就主观印象而言，电影渲染的得分优于体积渲染。可视化被认为非常接近现实。
