Kychkin Anatoly K, Erofeevskaya Larisa Anatoljevna, Kychkin Aisen, Vasileva Elena D, Struchkov Nikolay F, Lebedev Mikhail P
V.P. Larionov Institute of Physical and Technical Problems of the North, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Oktyabrskaya Street, 677980 Yakutsk, Russia.
Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jan 18;14(3):369. doi: 10.3390/polym14030369.
For the first time, the possibility of penetration of mold fungi mycelium and spore-forming bacteria into the structure of basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars has been shown in laboratory and field experiments. Biological contamination at the "fiber-binding" border reveals areas of swelling and penetration of mold fungi mycelium and bacterial spore cells into the binder component. After the exposure of samples at extremely low temperatures, strains of mold fungi of the genus were also isolated from the surface of the rebars. Additionally, spore-forming bacteria of the genus immobilized for samples from two years ago. This indicates the high viability of immobilized strains in cold climates. Aboriginal microflora isolated by the enrichment culture technique from the samples was represented by: actinobacteria of the genera and ; yeast of the genus ; and mold fungi of the genus . It was shown that the enrichment culture technique is a highly informative method of diagnosing the bio-infection of polymer composite materials during their operation in extremely low temperatures. The metabolic activity of the cells of cryophilic microorganisms isolated from experimental samples of basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars was associated with the features of the enzymes and fatty acid composition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. In the case of temperature conditions when conventional (mesophilic) microorganisms stop developing vegetative cells, the process of transition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes into a gel-like state was activated. This transition of the lipid bilayer to a gel-like state allowed the prevention of crystallization and death of the microbial cell when the ambient temperature dropped to negative values and as a result, after thawing, growth resumed and the metabolic activity of the microorganisms was restored. Studies have been carried out on the effect of biodepletion on the elastic strength characteristics, porosity and monolithicity of these materials, while at the same time, after a two year exposure, the strength preservation coefficient was k = 0.82 and the porosity increased by more than two times. The results show that the selected strains affect the properties of polymeric materials in cold climates in relation to the organic components in the structure of polymer composites.
首次在实验室和现场实验中证明了霉菌菌丝体和产孢细菌渗透到玄武岩纤维增强塑料钢筋结构中的可能性。“纤维结合”边界处的生物污染揭示了霉菌菌丝体和细菌孢子细胞在粘合剂成分中的肿胀和渗透区域。在极低温度下对样品进行暴露后，还从钢筋表面分离出了属的霉菌菌株。此外，从两年前的样品中固定下来的属的产孢细菌。这表明固定菌株在寒冷气候下具有很高的活力。通过富集培养技术从样品中分离出的土著微生物群落包括：属和属的放线菌；属的酵母；以及属的霉菌。结果表明，富集培养技术是诊断聚合物复合材料在极低温度下运行期间生物感染的一种信息丰富的方法。从玄武岩纤维增强塑料钢筋实验样品中分离出的嗜冷微生物细胞的代谢活性与细胞膜脂质双层的酶和脂肪酸组成特征有关。在常规（嗜温）微生物停止发育营养细胞的温度条件下，细胞膜脂质双层转变为凝胶状状态的过程被激活。脂质双层向凝胶状状态的这种转变使得当环境温度降至负值时能够防止微生物细胞结晶和死亡，结果，解冻后生长恢复，微生物的代谢活性也得以恢复。已经研究了生物损耗对这些材料的弹性强度特性、孔隙率和整体性的影响，同时，经过两年的暴露后，强度保留系数为k = ０.82，孔隙率增加了两倍多。结果表明，所选菌株在寒冷气候下对聚合物材料性能的影响与聚合物复合材料结构中的有机成分有关。
