Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 29;19(3):1551. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031551.
The association between the indoor environment and lifetime prevalence of otitis media (OM) in Australian children was assessed. We analysed data from a cross-sectional study of children, aged 7-11 years, performed in twelve Australian cities during 2007-2008. The main outcome was a parental report of their child's diagnosis with OM by a doctor. Information on the indoor environment (energy sources used for heating, cooling, and cooking, pets, and second-hand smoke exposure), in the first year of life and at present, was collected from parents by a questionnaire. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to adjust for individual- and area-level confounders. Our analysis comprised 2872 children (51% female, mean age: 10.0 (SD 1.2)). Of those, 1097 (39%) were reported to have OM. Exposure to gas heating in the first year of life was significantly associated with higher odds of OM in adjusted models (OR:1.22; 95% CI: 1.00,1.47), as was current exposure to reverse-cycle air conditioning (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.27,1.82). Ownership of a cat or dog at any time was also associated with high odds of OM (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.17,1.92). No other significant associations were observed. In this national study of Australian children, indoor environmental exposures associated with the lifetime prevalence of OM were gas heating, reverse-cycle air conditioning and pet ownership. Exposures in both early life and later childhood may both play a role in OM.
本研究评估了澳大利亚儿童的室内环境与中耳炎（OM）终生患病率之间的关联。我们分析了 2007-2008 年在澳大利亚 12 个城市进行的一项 7-11 岁儿童横断面研究的数据。主要结局为父母报告其子女经医生诊断患有 OM。通过问卷从父母处收集了有关室内环境（用于供暖、制冷和烹饪的能源、宠物和二手烟暴露）的信息，包括生命最初一年和当前的信息。采用多水平逻辑回归模型对个体和地区水平的混杂因素进行了调整。我们的分析共纳入了 2872 名儿童（51%为女性，平均年龄：10.0（SD 1.2））。其中，1097 名（39%）被报告患有 OM。在调整模型中，生命最初一年暴露于煤气供暖与 OM 的患病风险显著相关（OR：1.22；95%CI：1.00，1.47），当前暴露于逆循环空调也与 OM 患病风险相关（OR：1.52，95%CI：1.27，1.82）。任何时候拥有猫或狗也与 OM 的高患病风险相关（OR：1.50；95%CI：1.17，1.92）。未观察到其他显著相关性。在这项澳大利亚全国性儿童研究中，与 OM 终生患病率相关的室内环境暴露因素为煤气供暖、逆循环空调和宠物拥有情况。生命早期和后期的暴露都可能在 OM 中发挥作用。
