Volkmer R E, Ruffin R E, Wigg N R, Davies N
Magarey Institute, Child Adolescent and Family Health Service, Adelaide, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 1995 Apr;31(2):116-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00758.x.
This study investigated the relationship between indoor air quality and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in South Australian preschool children.
Data were collected from 14,124 families with a child aged 4 years 3 months to 5 years of age. This sample represents 73% of the targeted State preschool population. At the time of a routine preschool health check, parents completed a questionnaire regarding: their child's respiratory health and place of residence (postcode), parental smoking, type of fuel used for cooking and heating and method used for home cooling.
For preschool children residing in the greater Adelaide region, logistic regression analyses found that having a natural gas stove compared to an electric stove was significantly associated with increased prevalence rates for: (i) asthma (odds ratio [OR] 1.24); (ii) wheezing in the preceding 12 months (OR 1.16); excessive colds (OR 1.14); and hay fever (OR 1.13). The use of a liquid petroleum gas stove compared to an electric stove was not associated with any respiratory symptoms. The use of a flueless gas heater compared to other forms of heating was significantly associated with increased prevalence rates for dry cough (OR 1.26), ever having wheezed (OR 1.15) and wheezing in the preceding 12 months (OR 1.18). The use of a wood fire/heater compared to other forms of heating was significantly associated with a reduced prevalence rate for dry cough (OR 0.84) and ever having wheezed (OR 0.82). Parental smoking was significantly associated with increased prevalence rates for bronchitis (OR 1.21) and ever having wheezed (OR 1.24). The form of home cooling used was not associated with prevalence rates, after accounting for geographic location. Socio-economic status (postcode level) was not generally associated with prevalence rates.
These results suggest that respiratory symptom prevalence is related to the fuel used for cooking and heating and parental smoking. Prospective investigation regarding indoor air quality and respiratory symptoms is required.
本研究调查了南澳大利亚州学龄前儿童室内空气质量与呼吸道症状患病率之间的关系。
收集了14124个有4岁3个月至5岁儿童的家庭的数据。该样本占该州目标学龄前儿童人口的73%。在进行常规学龄前健康检查时，家长完成了一份问卷，内容涉及：孩子的呼吸道健康状况和居住地点（邮政编码）、父母吸烟情况、烹饪和取暖所用燃料类型以及家庭制冷方式。
对于居住在大阿德莱德地区的学龄前儿童，逻辑回归分析发现，与使用电炉相比，使用天然气炉与以下情况的患病率增加显著相关：（i）哮喘（优势比[OR]1.24）；（ii）过去12个月内喘息（OR 1.16）；感冒频繁（OR 1.14）；以及花粉热（OR 1.13）。与使用电炉相比，使用液化石油气炉与任何呼吸道症状均无关联。与其他取暖方式相比，使用无通风口燃气加热器与干咳患病率增加（OR 1.26）、曾经喘息（OR 1.15）以及过去12个月内喘息（OR 1.18）显著相关。与其他取暖方式相比，使用木柴炉/加热器与干咳患病率降低（OR 0.84）和曾经喘息患病率降低（OR 0.82）显著相关。父母吸烟与支气管炎患病率增加（OR 1.21）和曾经喘息患病率增加（OR 1.24）显著相关。在考虑地理位置后，家庭制冷方式与患病率无关。社会经济地位（邮政编码级别）一般与患病率无关。
这些结果表明，呼吸道症状患病率与烹饪和取暖所用燃料以及父母吸烟有关。需要对室内空气质量和呼吸道症状进行前瞻性调查。
