Sampson H A
Clin Rev Allergy. 1986 Feb;4(1):125-38. doi: 10.1007/BF02991191.
Atopic dermatitis is a disorder that affects up to 4.3% of the pediatric population. Its etiology is unknown, but is probably multifactorial. Evidence has been presented to implicate a role for "allergy" in the pathogenesis of AD. Disregarding the myriad of clinical reports, there is sufficient data in the literature to suggest an etiologic role for inhalants (pollen, mold, and dust mite) and foods in some patients with AD. Definitive studies have demonstrated that both inhalant and food antigens can be absorbed rapidly and transported to the skin, where sensitized mast cells can be activated. Controlled challenges have demonstrated skin reactions following exposure to inhalant and food antigens in sensitive subjects. Activiation of mast cells and/or basophils has been shown following oral food challenges in sensitized children with AD. Although sufficient evidence is now available to implicate "allergy" as an etiologic factor in atopic dermatitis, the link between mast cell activation and the development of eczematous skin changes remains to be clearly defined.
特应性皮炎是一种影响高达4.3%儿童人群的疾病。其病因不明，但可能是多因素的。已有证据表明“过敏”在特应性皮炎的发病机制中起作用。尽管有大量临床报告，但文献中有足够的数据表明，吸入物（花粉、霉菌和尘螨）和食物在一些特应性皮炎患者中具有病因学作用。确切研究表明，吸入性和食物性抗原均可迅速被吸收并转运至皮肤，在那里致敏的肥大细胞可被激活。对照激发试验已证实，敏感受试者接触吸入性和食物性抗原后会出现皮肤反应。在患有特应性皮炎的致敏儿童中，口服食物激发试验后已显示肥大细胞和/或嗜碱性粒细胞被激活。尽管现在有足够的证据表明“过敏”是特应性皮炎的病因，但肥大细胞激活与湿疹性皮肤变化发展之间的联系仍有待明确界定。
