Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 6;23(3):1856. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031856.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of lymphoid cells that do not express T cell or B cell antigen-specific receptors. They are largely tissue-resident and enriched at mucosal sites to play a protective role against pathogens. ILCs mimic the functions of CD4 T helper (Th) subsets. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are defined by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet, involving in the type 1 immune response; ILC2s are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IL-5/IL-13 and the master transcription factor GATA3, participating in the type 2 immune response; ILC3s are RORγt-expressing cells and are capable of producing IL-22 and IL-17 to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The discovery and investigation of ILCs over the past decades extends our knowledge beyond classical adaptive and innate immunology. In this review, we will focus on the roles of ILCs in intestinal inflammation and related disorders.
先天淋巴细胞（ILCs）是一群不表达 T 细胞或 B 细胞抗原特异性受体的淋巴细胞。它们主要存在于组织中，在黏膜部位富集，发挥着抵御病原体的保护作用。ILCs 模拟 CD4 T 辅助（Th）亚群的功能。1 型先天淋巴细胞（ILC1）的特征是表达特征性细胞因子 IFN-γ 和主转录因子 T-bet，参与 1 型免疫反应；2 型先天淋巴细胞（ILC2）的特征是表达特征性细胞因子 IL-5/IL-13 和主转录因子 GATA3，参与 2 型免疫反应；3 型先天淋巴细胞（ILC3）是表达 RORγt 的细胞，能够产生 IL-22 和 IL-17 来维持肠道内稳态。在过去几十年中对 ILCs 的发现和研究扩展了我们对经典适应性和先天免疫学的认识。在这篇综述中，我们将重点讨论 ILCs 在肠道炎症和相关疾病中的作用。
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