Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2022 Feb 15;17(2):e0263986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263986. eCollection 2022.
Mineral soda alumina (m-Na-Al) glass is a common glass production group found around the Indo-Pacific region. In Iron Age Taiwan, its presence dates back to the early 1st millennium AD. This research discusses m-Na-Al glass beads excavated from Iron Age sites in Taiwan. No production sites for m-Na-Al have been found, but microstructural analysis suggests m-Na-Al glass appears to originate around South Asia and is exchanged widely. SEM-EDS and EPMA were used to analyse red, orange, yellow, green and blue m-Na-Al glass. The microstructure of the glass shows the presence of plagioclase and alkali feldspar relics in the glass, suggesting a low manufacturing temperature. Copper-based colourants are identified in red, orange, blue and green glass, while lead tin oxide is used in yellow and green glass. It appears that various types of copper-containing raw materials were procured by craftspeople, and a self-reduction process for producing red and orange glass is tentatively proposed. Additionally, the microstructure of yellow glass reveals different colouring paths were used. These results increase our understanding of the selection of raw materials, and provide an impetus for further research on the cross craft interaction between glass and copper production.
矿物苏打氧化铝（m-Na-Al）玻璃是在印度洋-太平洋地区常见的玻璃制品群组。在台湾的铁器时代，这种玻璃的存在可以追溯到公元 1 世纪早期。本研究讨论了从台湾铁器时代遗址中发掘出的 m-Na-Al 玻璃珠。虽然没有发现 m-Na-Al 的生产地，但微观结构分析表明，m-Na-Al 玻璃似乎起源于南亚，并广泛传播。使用 SEM-EDS 和 EPMA 分析了红色、橙色、黄色、绿色和蓝色的 m-Na-Al 玻璃。玻璃的微观结构显示玻璃中存在斜长石和碱性长石的残余物，表明制造温度较低。红色、橙色、蓝色和绿色玻璃中含有铜基着色剂，而黄色和绿色玻璃中则使用了铅锡氧化物。似乎工匠们采购了各种类型的含铜原材料，并初步提出了一种用于生产红色和橙色玻璃的自还原工艺。此外，黄色玻璃的微观结构揭示了使用了不同的着色途径。这些结果增加了我们对原材料选择的理解，并为进一步研究玻璃和铜生产之间的跨工艺互动提供了动力。
