J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2021 Dec;69(6):1093-1113. doi: 10.1177/00030651211059546.
More than a hundred years into our field's development, examining Freud's place in psychoanalytic education is timely. What authority does he hold for psychoanalysts in 2021? Is he still the architect, or overseer, of psychoanalysis? Freud has been a metonym for psychoanalysis, yet the history of Freud's identification with the totality of psychoanalysis has had important unfortunate consequences. Negative aspects of this identification subtly linger, interfering in our collective appreciation of post-Freudian theoretical innovations. Too much of psychoanalysis has been "bought at the company store" of Freud's ideas. Though part of this problem is created by idealizations of Freud, much of it stems from Freud's precocious emphasis on psychoanalytic findings within his tripartite definition of psychoanalysis. As a result, many of his theoretical accounts were taken prematurely as definitive building blocks for a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory, when in fact they were only provisional formulations. Presently, portions of Freud's theories are silently withering on the psychoanalytic vine. Data from the PEP-Web archive reveal the declining use of a set of once important, closely linked conceptions-Freud's psychosexual theory and his characterology-and illustrate the kinds of Freudian ideas that have lost their usefulness. The indispensable and enduring elements in his work are identified.
一百多年来，我们的领域一直在发展，审视弗洛伊德在精神分析教育中的地位是适时的。他在 2021 年对精神分析学家有什么权威？他仍然是精神分析的建筑师或监督者吗？弗洛伊德一直是精神分析的代名词，但弗洛伊德与精神分析整体认同的历史产生了重要的不幸后果。这种认同的消极方面微妙地挥之不去，干扰了我们对后弗洛伊德理论创新的集体欣赏。太多的精神分析已经“从弗洛伊德的思想公司商店购买”。尽管部分问题是由于对弗洛伊德的理想化造成的，但大部分问题源于弗洛伊德在他对精神分析的三分定义中过早强调精神分析发现。因此，他的许多理论观点被过早地视为全面精神分析理论的明确基石，而实际上它们只是临时的表述。目前，弗洛伊德理论的一些部分在精神分析藤上悄然枯萎。PEP-Web 档案中的数据揭示了一组曾经重要的、密切相关的概念——弗洛伊德的性心理理论和他的性格学——的使用正在减少，并说明了失去效用的那种弗洛伊德思想。确定了他作品中不可或缺和持久的元素。
