Nurs Res. 2022;71(4):275-284. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000587. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Metabolic syndrome has a high global prevalence, affecting 26% of South Koreans. Lifestyle modifications have shown benefits in studies involving health behavior enhancement, specifically through workplace eating and exercise interventions. However, workplace interventions focusing on health behaviors have been inadequately explored.
This study examined factors affecting health promotion behaviors of workers at high risk of metabolic syndrome by applying Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention).
This correlational cross-sectional study collected survey data from 164 hotel workers in South Korea. The study applied factor analysis and structural equation modeling for the data analysis.
Analysis revealed five health promotion behaviors: exercise, making healthy food choices, avoiding fatty foods, eating a nutritious and balanced diet, and eating regular moderate meals. Participants were grouped as total participants, those with one risk factor, and those with two risk factors. In the "total" group, four behaviors were influenced by perceived behavioral control: exercise, making healthy food choices, eating a nutritious and balanced diet, and eating regular moderate meals. In the "one risk factor" group, intention and attitude influenced the eating regular moderate meals behavior, and two other behaviors were influenced by perceived behavioral control: exercise and eating a nutritious and balanced diet; in the "two risk factor" group, only perceived behavioral control directly affected exercise.
Perceived behavioral control was a key predictor of health behaviors, and theory constructs partially explained behaviors. Perceived behavioral control influenced four behaviors and influenced exercise in all three groups. Also, theory constructs showed a greater effect on behaviors in the one risk factor group than in the two risk factor group, indicating that participants with one risk factor more effectively managed their behaviors on their own and with healthcare providers' support. Occupational health providers should conduct early assessments of workers showing metabolic syndrome risk factors to identify their particular risks, intention, and behaviors. As the number of risk factors affects behaviors and perceived behavioral control primarily influences exercise, these findings should be incorporated in metabolic syndrome interventions.
代谢综合征在全球的患病率较高，韩国有 26%的人患有代谢综合征。生活方式的改变已被证明在增强健康行为的研究中有益，特别是通过工作场所的饮食和运动干预。然而，针对健康行为的工作场所干预措施还没有得到充分的探索。
本研究应用计划行为理论（态度、主观规范、感知行为控制和意图）的构念，考察了代谢综合征高危工人健康促进行为的影响因素。
本相关性横断面研究从韩国的 164 名酒店工作人员中收集了调查数据。该研究应用因子分析和结构方程模型进行数据分析。
分析结果显示出五种健康促进行为：运动、选择健康食品、避免高脂肪食物、均衡饮食和规律适度进食。参与者被分为总参与者、有一个风险因素的参与者和有两个风险因素的参与者。在“总”组中，四个行为受到感知行为控制的影响：运动、选择健康食品、均衡饮食和规律适度进食。在“一个风险因素”组中，意图和态度影响规律适度进食行为，另外两个行为受到感知行为控制的影响：运动和均衡饮食；在“两个风险因素”组中，只有感知行为控制直接影响运动。
感知行为控制是健康行为的关键预测因素，理论构念部分解释了行为。感知行为控制影响了四个行为，并在所有三组中影响运动。此外，理论构念在一个风险因素组中的行为影响大于两个风险因素组，表明有一个风险因素的参与者更能有效地自行管理行为，并在医疗保健提供者的支持下管理行为。职业健康提供者应早期评估表现出代谢综合征危险因素的工人，以确定他们的特定风险、意图和行为。由于风险因素的数量会影响行为，而感知行为控制主要影响运动，因此这些发现应纳入代谢综合征干预措施中。
