Bingham W F
J Neurosurg. 1986 May;64(5):705-12. doi: 10.3171/jns.1986.64.5.0705.
Before the turn of the century, W. W. Keen was the most celebrated neurosurgeon in the United States. During the Civil War he served as a surgeon in the Union Army. He collaborated with Mitchell and Morehouse in clinical studies that culminated in their publishing Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves. In 1887, he was the first surgeon in the Americas to remove a benign brain tumor. He perfected a technique for ventricular puncture, devised operations for spasmodic torticollis, microcephalus, and tic douloureaux, and introduced many European neurosurgical techniques to the United States. An astute clinician and excellent teacher, Keen had no research interests other than anatomical and pathological dissections. He published over 50 papers on neurosurgical topics, in addition to articles on numerous other subjects. Although recognized as a pioneer in neurosurgery, he is not usually considered a founder of neurosurgery in the United States because of his failure to develop the specialty further than his contemporaries in the remainder of the neurosurgical world. This failure related not to his abilities, but probably to the fact that he was elderly before it became technically possible to perform safe and effective intracranial procedures.
在世纪之交前，W. W. 基恩是美国最著名的神经外科医生。内战期间，他在联邦军队中担任外科医生。他与米切尔和莫尔豪斯合作进行临床研究，最终他们出版了《枪伤及其他神经损伤》。1887年，他是美洲第一位切除良性脑肿瘤的外科医生。他完善了脑室穿刺技术，设计了治疗痉挛性斜颈、小头畸形和三叉神经痛的手术，并将许多欧洲神经外科技术引入美国。作为一名敏锐的临床医生和优秀的教师，基恩除了解剖学和病理学解剖外没有其他研究兴趣。他发表了50多篇关于神经外科主题的论文，此外还有许多关于其他主题的文章。尽管他被公认为神经外科的先驱，但由于他在神经外科领域的发展没有超过同时代的其他同行，他通常不被视为美国神经外科的奠基人。这种失败并非与他的能力有关，而是可能与这样一个事实有关，即在技术上能够进行安全有效的颅内手术之前，他就已经年迈了。
