Department of Chemistry, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
J Environ Manage. 2022 May 1;309:114653. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114653. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
With the ever-increasing global population and industrialization, it has become a call of the hour to start taking care of the environment to balance the ecosystem. For this, effective monitoring and assessment are required, which involves collecting and measuring environmental details, temporal and spatial readings of environmental data, and parameters. However, assessment of the environment is very tedious as it includes monitoring target analytes, identifying their sources, and reporting, which invariably implies that detailed environmental monitoring would be an intricate and expensive process. The traditional protocols in environmental measures are often manual and time demanding, which makes it further difficult. Moreover, several changes also occur within the environment, which could be chemical, physical, or biological, and since these environmental impacts are often cumulative, it becomes difficult to measure an isolated system. Furthermore, the chances of skipping significant results and trends become high. Also, experimental data obtained from the environmental analysis are usually non-linear and multi-variant due to different associations among various contributing variables. Therefore, it is implied that accurate measurements and environment monitoring are not using traditional analytical protocols. Thus, the need for a chemometric approach in environmental pollution analysis becomes paramount due to the inherent limitations associated with the conventional approach of analyzing environmental datasets. Chemometrics has appeared as a potential technique, which enhances the particulars of the chemical datasets by using statistical and mathematical analysis methods to analyze chemical data beyond univariate analysis. Utilizing chemometrics to study the environmental data is a revolutionary idea as it helps identify the relationship between sources of contaminations, environmental drivers, and their impact on the environment. Hence, this review critically explores the concept of chemometrics and its application in environmental pollution analysis by briefly highlighting the idea of chemometrics, its types, applications, advantages, and limitations in the environmental domain. An attempt is also made to present future trends in applications of chemometrics in environmental pollution analysis.
随着全球人口和工业化的不断增长，开始保护环境以平衡生态系统已成为当务之急。为此，需要进行有效的监测和评估，这涉及收集和测量环境细节、环境数据的时空读数和参数。然而，环境评估非常繁琐，因为它包括监测目标分析物、识别其来源和报告，这不可避免地意味着详细的环境监测将是一个复杂且昂贵的过程。环境测量中的传统协议通常是手动且耗时的，这使得情况更加复杂。此外，环境中还会发生多种变化，包括化学、物理或生物变化，由于这些环境影响往往是累积的，因此很难测量孤立的系统。此外，错过重要结果和趋势的可能性也很高。此外，由于各种相关变量之间的不同关联，从环境分析中获得的实验数据通常是非线性和多变量的。因此，可以推断出，传统的分析协议并不能进行准确的测量和环境监测。因此，由于与分析环境数据集相关的固有限制，在环境污染分析中需要使用化学计量学方法。化学计量学已成为一种潜在的技术，它通过使用统计和数学分析方法来增强化学数据集的细节，从而超越了单变量分析。利用化学计量学来研究环境数据是一个革命性的想法，因为它有助于确定污染来源、环境驱动因素及其对环境的影响之间的关系。因此，本文批判性地探讨了化学计量学的概念及其在环境污染物分析中的应用，简要介绍了化学计量学的概念、类型、应用、优势和在环境领域的局限性，并尝试提出了化学计量学在环境污染物分析中的未来应用趋势。
