Nantel-Fortier Nicolas, Gauthier Martin, L'Homme Yvan, Lachapelle Virginie, Fravalo Philippe, Brassard Julie
Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infections Disease Research Centre (CRIPA-FRQNT), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
Vet Microbiol. 2022 Mar;266:109366. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109366. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
Swine are an important food source worldwide and producers may not always be aware of the variety of the pathogens infecting their herds, particularly viruses. In this study, 12 enteric viruses were monitored in a total of 181 diarrheic and healthy piglets; namely porcine astrovirus groups 1-5 (poAstV1-5), rotavirus A and C (RVA-RVC), caliciviruses (CaVs), porcine kobuvirus (PoK), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and torque teno sus virus 1 and k2 (TTsuV1-k2). All animals were sampled before 3 weeks of age, and then at 5, 12 and 20 weeks of age. In addition to the 12 targeted viruses, the virome of 12 piglets at 4 different life stages was characterized using a high-throughput sequencing approach. The presence of CaV (sapovirus), poAstV-3 or poAstV-5 was found to be a risk factor for neonatal diarrhea. Co-infections with RVC and poAstV-2, poAstV-3, and poAstV-4 and CaV co-infected with PoK or poAstV-4 were also found to be risk factors for diarrhea in piglets. RVC, PoK, poAstV-3 and poAstV-4 were the most prevalent viruses in piglets below 3 weeks of age. PoAstV-2, poAstV-4, TTsuV1 and TTsuVk2 were found to be the most prevalent viruses infecting piglets of 20 weeks of age. The enteric virome composition varied between healthy and diarrheic piglets. The alpha and beta diversity of the enteric viromes varied from under 3 weeks of age to 20 weeks and was mainly supported by phages. Overall, this study sheds new light on enteric virome dynamics and the virome's relationship with neonatal diarrhea.
猪是全球重要的食物来源，养殖者可能并不总是了解感染猪群的病原体种类，尤其是病毒。在本研究中，对总共181头腹泻和健康仔猪监测了12种肠道病毒；即猪星状病毒1 - 5组（poAstV1 - 5）、轮状病毒A和C（RVA - RVC）、杯状病毒（CaVs）、猪杯状病毒（PoK）、戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）以及细小病毒1型和k2型（TTsuV1 - k2）。所有动物在3周龄前采样，然后在5周、12周和20周龄时采样。除了这12种目标病毒外，还采用高通量测序方法对4个不同生命阶段的12头仔猪的病毒组进行了表征。发现杯状病毒（札幌病毒）、poAstV - 3或poAstV - 5的存在是新生儿腹泻的危险因素。RVC与poAstV - 2、poAstV - 3和poAstV - 4的共同感染以及杯状病毒与PoK或poAstV - 4的共同感染也被发现是仔猪腹泻的危险因素。RVC、PoK、poAstV - 3和poAstV - 4是3周龄以下仔猪中最普遍的病毒。PoAstV - 2、poAstV - 4、TTsuV1和TTsuVk2被发现是感染20周龄仔猪的最普遍病毒。健康和腹泻仔猪的肠道病毒组组成不同。肠道病毒组的α和β多样性在3周龄以下到20周龄之间有所变化，主要由噬菌体支持。总体而言，本研究为肠道病毒组动态以及病毒组与新生儿腹泻的关系提供了新的见解。
