Ganesan Saranea, Manousakis Jessica E, Mulhall Megan D, Sletten Tracey L, Tucker Andrew, Howard Mark E, Anderson Clare, Rajaratnam Shantha M W
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Australia.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Jun;39(6):769-780. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2034838. Epub 2022 Feb 17.
This study examined the impact of first and second night shift work on sleep and performance in mining haul truck drivers. Sleep-wake patterns were monitored using wrist actigraphy. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) and a truck simulator were administered at the start and end of the first (N1) or second (N2) night shift (19:00-07:00 h). Participants were categorised into those who demonstrated a decline in performance (increase of one or more PVT lapses [reaction time >500 msec] from the start to the end of shift) or those who did not demonstrate a decline in performance (no increase in lapses) from the start to the end of shift. Total sleep time (TST) was longer in the 24 h prior to N1 (9.05 ± 1.49 h) compared to N2 (5.38 ± 1.32 h). PVT lapses and the slowest 10% of reaction times were similar at the start and end of N1, while greater impairments on these outcomes were observed at the end of N2 compared to the end of N1 ( < .05). In contrast, subjective sleepiness was equally impaired at the end of both night shifts. PVT performance (lapses and slowest 10% of reaction times) and drive violations demonstrated a similar direction of change on N1 and N2. Participants who demonstrated a decline in performance showed reduced TST in the 48 h prior to shifts compared to those who demonstrated no decline in performance across the shift. Likely due to short sleep prior, the end of N2 was associated with pronounced performance impairments on the PVT and drive violations compared to the start of the shift. The findings suggest that drive violations may be more sensitive to sleep loss compared to the other driving measures examined in this study. This study also emphasizes the need for adequate recovery sleep between night shifts.
本研究考察了首次和第二次夜班工作对矿用运输卡车司机睡眠和工作表现的影响。使用手腕活动记录仪监测睡眠-觉醒模式。在第一个（N1）或第二个（N2）夜班（19:00 - 07:00）开始和结束时，进行卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表（KSS）、心理运动警觉性测试（PVT）以及卡车模拟器测试。参与者被分为工作表现下降者（从班次开始到结束，PVT失误次数[反应时间>500毫秒]增加一个或更多）和工作表现未下降者（从班次开始到结束，失误次数未增加）。与N2（5.38±1.32小时）相比，N1前24小时的总睡眠时间（TST）更长（9.05±1.49小时）。N1开始和结束时，PVT失误次数以及最慢的10%反应时间相似，而与N1结束时相比，N2结束时这些指标的损伤更大（<.05）。相比之下，两个夜班结束时主观嗜睡程度同样受到损害。N1和N2时，PVT表现（失误次数和最慢的10%反应时间）以及驾驶违规情况呈现相似的变化趋势。与整个班次工作表现未下降的参与者相比，工作表现下降的参与者在轮班前48小时的TST减少。可能由于之前睡眠不足，与班次开始时相比，N2结束时PVT表现和驾驶违规方面存在明显的表现损伤。研究结果表明，与本研究中考察的其他驾驶指标相比，驾驶违规可能对睡眠不足更敏感。本研究还强调了夜班之间需要充足的恢复性睡眠。
