Theintz G E
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1986 Mar 29;116(13):413-8.
Physical exercise triggers neurons within the central nervous system which are responsible for complex alterations of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis as well as an increase in sympathoadrenal activity. Although mechanisms controlling the release of pituitary hormones have not yet been fully understood, there is evidence that endogenous opioid peptides and catechol oestrogens probably play an important neuromodulatory role. From the clinical point of view female reproductive function is exquisitely sensitive to physical training. However, cycle disturbances disappear spontaneously when training is drastically reduced. After cessation of sports activities, fertility and pregnancy do not seem to be affected. Growth delay is observed in some types of sport. It is similar to constitutional short stature and therefore probably not related to growth hormone secretion.
体育锻炼会触发中枢神经系统内的神经元，这些神经元负责下丘脑 - 垂体轴的复杂变化以及交感肾上腺活动的增加。尽管控制垂体激素释放的机制尚未完全明确，但有证据表明内源性阿片肽和儿茶酚雌激素可能起着重要的神经调节作用。从临床角度来看，女性生殖功能对体育锻炼极为敏感。然而，当训练大幅减少时，月经周期紊乱会自行消失。停止体育活动后，生育能力和怀孕似乎不受影响。在某些类型的运动中会观察到生长延迟。这类似于体质性矮小，因此可能与生长激素分泌无关。
