Training pathways and careers for neonatologists interested in cardiovascular care.

Neonatologists and neonatal-perinatal trainees continue to be invested in the cardiovascular care of the newborn, many focusing their careers in this area of expertise. Multiple formalized structured and non-structured training pathways have evolved for neonatologists caring for infants with congenital heart disease and other cardiovascular pathologies. Furthermore, the evolution of neonatal hemodynamic science over the past decade has also spawned a formal training pathway in hemodynamics consultation to enhance standard of care and guide the management of infants at risk for cardiovascular compromise. Neonatologists have also chosen to expand upon on their neonatology training with clinical and research exposure to enhance their roles in neonatal cardiovascular care, including fetal care consultation, delivery room management, and perioperative cardiac intensive care consultation. To provide insight and career guidance to interested neonatal trainees and early career physicians, this perspective article highlights several different pathways in the care of neonates with cardiovascular disease.