Yuan Feng, Wang Yingshuai, Ma Chiyuan
Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2022 Feb;23(2):188-198. doi: 10.1007/s11864-021-00930-4. Epub 2022 Feb 19.
In the 5 years since the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) (revised) was released, the development of targeted sequencing and omics technology has helped researchers in the field of neuro-oncology to identify some new tumor types in clinical practice, as well as a series of genetic parameters related to tumor occurrence and development, poor prognosis, treatment response, etc. These findings not only provide basic knowledge for the classification of glioma, but also promote the progress of the treatment of gliomas. As a revolution in cancer treatment, immunotherapy has become a promising strategy since the pioneering discovery of lymphatics in the CNS. The advancement and clinical application of immunotherapy have strengthened the demand for accurate classification of glioma. In June 2021, the WHO and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS. The fifth edition focuses on advancing the role of genetic parameters in the classification of glioma and divides glioma into more biologically and molecularly defined entities, with better natural history characteristics, and introduced new tumor types and subtypes, especially in the pediatric population. Most importantly, these updated classifications will enable clinicians to better assess the prognosis and formulate the optimal treatment of gliomas.
自《世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类》（修订版）第四版发布后的5年里，靶向测序和组学技术的发展帮助神经肿瘤学领域的研究人员在临床实践中识别出一些新的肿瘤类型，以及一系列与肿瘤发生发展、预后不良、治疗反应等相关的遗传参数。这些发现不仅为胶质瘤的分类提供了基础知识，也推动了胶质瘤治疗的进展。作为癌症治疗的一场革命，自中枢神经系统中淋巴管的开创性发现以来，免疫疗法已成为一种有前景的策略。免疫疗法的进步和临床应用强化了对胶质瘤准确分类的需求。2021年6月，世界卫生组织和国际癌症研究机构（IARC）发布了《世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类》第五版。第五版着重推进遗传参数在胶质瘤分类中的作用，将胶质瘤分为更多生物学和分子学定义明确的实体，具有更好的自然史特征，并引入了新的肿瘤类型和亚型，尤其是在儿童群体中。最重要的是，这些更新后的分类将使临床医生能够更好地评估预后并制定胶质瘤的最佳治疗方案。
